Brain Parenchymal Fraction in Healthy Adults—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Vågberg, Mattias; Granåsen, Gabriel; Svenningsson, Anders

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170018

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…It is important to note that there are numerous acceptable headsize correction methods reported in the literature (Vågberg et al, 2017). A simple method involves dividing each volume of interest by the total head size to obtain a proportional volume (Rudick et al, 1999).…”

Section: Total Intracranial Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): Structural MRI methods & outcome measures

Ramirez

Holmes

Scott

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The Ontario Neurodegenerative Research Initiative (ONDRI) is a 3 year multi-site prospective cohort study that has acquired comprehensive multiple assessment platform data, including 3T structural MRI, from neurodegenerative patients with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular patients. This heterogeneous cross-section of patients with complex neurodegenerative and neurovascular pathologies pose significant challenges for standard neuroimaging tools. To effectively quantify regional measures of normal and pathological brain tissue volumes, the ONDRI neuroimaging platform implemented a semi-automated MRI processing pipeline that was able to address many of the challenges resulting from this heterogeneity. This paper describes the comprehensive neuroimaging pipeline methods used to generate regional brain tissue volumes & neurovascular markers.

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Section: Total Intracranial Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): Structural MRI methods & outcome measures

Ramirez

Holmes

Scott

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…However, this phenomenon occurs in an early segment of the mild form or grade-1 stage of brain atrophy in the DBF scale. Compared to the study by Vagberg et al (39), their normal brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) value of adults was 0.890+/_0.004 using Automated BPF method. The value is not far from our maximum DBF value of 0.88, but CSF and BLOOD are also components of intracranial volume that need technical consideration to delineate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Novel Multi-Linear Quantitative Brain Volume Formula For Manual Radiological Evaluation Of Brain Atrophy

Sungura

Mpolya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The brain is a dynamic organ that develops and involutes in volume. The process of volume loss known as brain atrophy commonly occurs in elderly. However, some conditions have been implicated to provoke this paradoxical process in childhood and making it important to have methods and techniques of quantifying brain volume. Automated quantitative methods are very important in brain atrophy assessment but these tools have limited availability in developing countries. The simplified linear radiological methods are poorly reproducible and hence there is a need to develop an alternative formula that is reproducible and applicable at all healthcare levels. Methods The multi-linear diagonal brain fraction formula (DBF) was designed from dimensions of brain relative to skull. To test a developed formula, a total of 347 subjects aged between 0 and 18 years who had brain CT scans performed at the health facilities in Northern Tanzania were recruited and subjected to a systematic measurement of their brains in a diagonal brain fashion. Results Out of 347 patients evaluated, 62 subjects (17.8%) were found to be cases of brain atrophy. The three radiological measurements which included sulcal width (SW), ventricular width (VW) and Evans Index (EI) were concurrently performed. SW and VW showed good age correlation while EI showed no significant correlation with age. Similar tests were extended to diagonal brain fraction (DBF) and skull vertical horizontal ratio (VHR) in which DBF showed significant correlation. Conclusions The DBF formula shows significant ability of differentiating changes of brain volume suggesting that it can be utilized as an alternative brain fraction quantification method bearing technical simplicity in assessing gross brain volume with the ability to classify degrees of brain atrophy into mild, moderate, severe and very severe stages.

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“…The effect of age was examined, with the hypothesis that the difference in ability to accommodate a mass lesion between younger and older patients would affect the relationship between midline shift and pupillary reactivity. Patients were dichotomized into two groups, age > 40 years and age ≤ 40, due to the increased tendency toward cortical atrophy at 40 [ 15 ]. When partitioned as such, there were no significant differences in mean midline shift for different pupillary reactivity categories.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midline Shift is Unrelated to Subjective Pupillary Reactivity Assessment on Admission in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2018

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BackgroundThis study aims to determine the relationship between pupillary reactivity, midline shift and basal cistern effacement on brain computed tomography (CT) in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). All are important diagnostic and prognostic measures, but their relationship is unclear.MethodsA total of 204 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, documented pupillary reactivity, and archived neuroimaging were included. Extent of midline shift and basal cistern effacement were extracted from admission brain CT. Mean midline shift was calculated for each ordinal category of pupillary reactivity and basal cistern effacement. Sequential Chi-square analysis was used to calculate a threshold midline shift for pupillary abnormalities and basal cistern effacement. Univariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsPupils were bilaterally reactive in 163 patients, unilaterally reactive in 24, and bilaterally unreactive in 17, with mean midline shift (mm) of 1.96, 3.75, and 2.56, respectively (p = 0.14). Basal cisterns were normal in 118 patients, compressed in 45, and absent in 41, with mean midline shift (mm) of 0.64, 2.97, and 5.93, respectively (p < 0.001). Sequential Chi-square analysis identified a threshold for abnormal pupils at a midline shift of 7–7.25 mm (p = 0.032), compressed basal cisterns at 2 mm (p < 0.001), and completely effaced basal cisterns at 7.5 mm (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed no association between midline shift and pupillary reactivity. With effaced basal cisterns, the odds ratio for normal pupils was 0.22 (95% CI 0.08–0.56; p = 0.0016) and for at least one unreactive pupil was 0.061 (95% CI 0.012–0.24; p < 0.001). Basal cistern effacement strongly predicted midline shift (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.17–1.40; p < 0.001).ConclusionsBasal cistern effacement alone is associated with pupillary reactivity and is closely associated with midline shift. It may represent a uniquely useful neuroimaging marker to guide intervention in traumatic brain injury.

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Brain Parenchymal Fraction in Healthy Adults—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cited by 29 publications

References 97 publications

Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): Structural MRI methods & outcome measures

Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): Structural MRI methods & outcome measures

Novel Multi-Linear Quantitative Brain Volume Formula For Manual Radiological Evaluation Of Brain Atrophy

Midline Shift is Unrelated to Subjective Pupillary Reactivity Assessment on Admission in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

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