Brain neuropeptide S: via GPCR activation to a powerful neuromodulator of socio-emotional behaviors

Grund, Thomas; Neumann, Inga D.

doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2902-2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The NPSR gene encodes for the Neuropeptide S receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor that binds to Neuropeptide S, resulting in increased intracellular calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The entire pathway has been shown to result in anxiolysis, or decreased anxiety and sedation (63). In past research, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human NPSR gene located on chromosome 7p14-15 revealed a possible panic disorder susceptibility in DNA blood samples.…”

Section: Neuropeptide Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review

Ryan

Ryznar

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Resilience refers to the adaptability of a person – an ability to “bounce-back” from stressors. We question if resilience can be strengthened, potentially to decrease the risk of stress-related disorders. Unfortunately, the molecular origins of resilience are complicated and not yet well understood. In this review, we examine the various physiological biomarkers of resilience, including the associated genes, epigenetic changes, and protein biomarkers associated with resilient phenotypes. In addition to assessing biomarkers that may indicate higher levels of resilience, we also review at length the many biomarkers that confer lower levels of resilience and may lead to disorders of low resilience, such as anxiety and depression. This large and encompassing review may help to identify the possible therapeutic targets of resilience. Hopefully these studies will lead to a future where stress-related disorders can be prevented, rather than treated.

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Section: Neuropeptide Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review

Ryan

Ryznar

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In the brainstem, there is also a distinct expression of neuropeptide S (NPS), a 20-amino acid peptide which selectively activates the G protein coupled NPSR receptors [ 4 ]. NPS activity is manifested by reducing the level of anxiety and appetite, while on the other hand, it increases mobility, fatigue and hypersexual changes [ 5 ]. NPS has also been shown to contribute to addiction development and circadian rhythm control [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory effect of olanzapine on SMIM20/phoenixin, NPQ/spexin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 gene expressions in the rat brainstem

et al. 2021

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Background Phoenixin, spexin and nesfatin-1 belong to a family of newly discovered multifunctional neuropeptides that play regulatory roles in several brain structures and modulate the activity of important neural networks. However, little is known about their expression and action at the level of brainstem. The present work was, therefore, focused on gene expression of the aforementioned peptides in the brainstem of rats chronically treated with olanzapine, a second generation antipsychotic drug. Methods Studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague–Dawley rats that were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental animals treated with olanzapine (28-day-long intraperitoneal injection, at dose 5 mg/kg daily). All individuals were killed under anesthesia and the brainstem excised. Total mRNA was isolated from homogenized samples of both structures and the RT-PCR method was used for estimation of related SMIM20/phoenixin, NPQ/spexin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 gene expression. Results Long-term treatment with olanzapine is reflected in qualitatively different changes in expression of examined neuropeptides mRNA in the rat brainstem. Olanzapine significantly decreased NPQ/spexin mRNA expression, but increased SMIM20/phoenixin mRNA level in the rat brainstem; while NUCB2/nesfatin-1 mRNA expression remained unchanged. Conclusions Olanzapine can affect novel peptidergic signaling in the rat brainstem. This may cautiously suggest the presence of an alternative mode of its action.

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“…(Reinscheid et al, 2005;Camilleri et al, 2010). In the amygdala tissue of rodents, NPS has also been reported to induce synthesis and phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (Grund and Neumann, 2018). The multiple mechanisms of action of NPS suggest that the NPS/NPSR system can potentially modulate various physiological and pathological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide S coexist with neuromodulators and presumptive neurotransmitter in the neurons of the ganglionated plexuses of the human gallbladder

Jen¹,

Akhrass²,

Ashby³

et al. 2022

EJA

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Indirect triple-labeling immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify the presence of neuropeptide serine (NPS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the ganglionated plexuses of the human gallbladder. The ganglionated plexuses examined in this report are composed of irregularly shaped neurons that inhabit the lamina propria and the muscularis propria. Most of the neurons of the lamina propria and muscularis were triple-labeled NPS, nNOS, and NPY. Moderate numbers of neurons in the lamina propria were immunopositive for NPS and nNOS (NPY negative). This same combination of immunopositivity was also seen in the muscularis. Inversely, only a few nerve cells were found to be NPS- and NPY-IR (nNOS negative) in both layers. A small population of the neurons in both layers was observed to possess singular positivity for nNOS-, NPS-, or NPY-IR. Triple-labeled NPS-, nNOS- and VIP-IR neurons were often observed in all layers of the gallbladder but comparatively less frequently seen when compared to the previous combination. In the lamina propria, a modest number of nerve cells were NPS- and VIP-IR. A similar observation was made of the nerve cells in the muscularis. Of all the sections examined, coexisting NPS- and NOS-, or NOS- and VIP-IR neurons were not observed. Single-labeled VIP- or NPS-IR neurons were detected. However, no single labeled nNOS-IR neurons were ever seen. Our present research has demonstrated that NPS, along with many other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, may play an essential role in the intrinsic regulation of the human gallbladder.

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Brain neuropeptide S: via GPCR activation to a powerful neuromodulator of socio-emotional behaviors

Cited by 15 publications

References 80 publications

The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review

The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review

Modulatory effect of olanzapine on SMIM20/phoenixin, NPQ/spexin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 gene expressions in the rat brainstem

Neuropeptide S coexist with neuromodulators and presumptive neurotransmitter in the neurons of the ganglionated plexuses of the human gallbladder

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