Brain networks for working memory and factors of intelligence assessed in males and females with fMRI and DTI

Tang, Cheuk Y.; Eaves, Emily; Ng, Johnny; Carpenter, David M.; Mai, Xiaoqin; Schroeder, David H.; Condon, Christopher; Colom, Roberto; Haier, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.03.003

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The results of present study demonstrated that most of enrolled participants were very male sex brain matter (VMBS) while; the least fashioned as an intermediate female brain sex (IFBS), thus; this randomized and gender equalized study indicated that VMBS is predominant regardless of body gender types but, this brain sex matter classification was mainly corresponding with the numbers of enrolled male or female gender ,these findings are parallel with other studies that showed females and males differ not only in their physical features or reproductive function, but as well in many other attributes ,including the means they explain intellectual processes , this behavioral diversity is minimal and may be the consequences of experience developments and sex hormone effects on brain organization which lead to brain familiarity that was independent of physiological and biological predisposition [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Brain sex styles: A real image for gender discrimination and response to the neurocognitive stimuli.

Al-Kuraishy¹,

Al-Gareeb²,

Albajajy³

2016

ABP

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Brain sex does not always match the body sex, which is biologically acquired during intrauterine life and is affected by environmental factors that affect brain wiring developments of life events. The aim of present study was to investigate the neurocognitive functioning which is dependent on brain sex matters rather than the biological sex in normal healthy volunteers. A total of 126 participants were selected who filled and signed a special brain sex matter questionnaire as yes or no, which included a set of some special/specific and general questions. After, completing this questionnaire the participants were divided into four groups, group І: as very male brain sex, group ІІ: as very female brain sex, group ІІІ: as intermediate male brain sex and group ІV: as intermediate female brain sex respectively and then each group was subjected to a neurocognitive test by Leeds psychomotor battery tester. The psychomotor performance task and cortical arousal activity differences between very male brain sex and very female brain sex were found to be significant in total reaction time (TRT) p<0.01 but there was no significant differences in any other parameters p>0.05, While as, psychomotor performance task and cortical arousal activity differences between very female brain sex and intermediate female brain sex, significant differences were found only in movement reaction time (MRT) between the two groups p=0.005. Based on the finding it can be assumed that biological sex with very male brain sex matter has a superior neurocognitive function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Brain sex styles: A real image for gender discrimination and response to the neurocognitive stimuli.

Al-Kuraishy¹,

Al-Gareeb²,

Albajajy³

2016

ABP

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“…Since MRI has been widely used to assess hemodynamic responses related to neural activity in the brain, we used resting-state fMRI to investigate the regionally connected functional networks, e.g., motor/ sensory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, visual, etc., in the T2D mouse brains. We found that T2D mice exhibited increased signal intensity both in the hippocampal formation and the sensory motor in the cortex, suggesting that T2D brain might not be functioning efficiently and requires much more energy to accomplish a task compared with the normal efficient brain (40,41). It is also possible that a T2D brain may not be signaling coherently and the increase in signaling is a result of haphazard signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epigenetic Mechanisms Linking Diabetes and Synaptic Impairments

et al. 2014

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Diabetes is one of the major risk factors for dementia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the risk of diabetes for dementia is largely unknown. Recent studies revealed that epigenetic modifications may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We hypothesized that diabetes may cause epigenetic changes in the brain that may adversely affect synaptic function. We found significant elevation in the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) class IIa in the brains of diabetic subjects compared with control subjects, and these changes coincide with altered expression of synaptic proteins. In a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D), we found that, similar to humans, T2D mice also showed increased expression of HDAC IIa in the brain, and these alterations were associated with increased susceptibility to oligomeric Ab-induced synaptic impairments in the hippocampal formation and eventually led to synaptic dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC IIa restored synaptic plasticity. Our study demonstrates that diabetes may induce epigenetic modifications affecting neuropathological mechanisms in the brain leading to increased susceptibility to insults associated with neurodegenerative or vascular impairments. Our study provides, for the first time, an epigenetic explanation for the increased risk of diabetic patients developing dementia. Diabetes 2014;63:645-654 | DOI: 10.233763:645-654 | DOI: 10. /db13-1063 The prevalence of dementia increases with age. It is estimated that .36 million people worldwide are currently living with this devastating disease, and the prevalence is expected to increase to 66 million by 2030 and 115 million by 2050 (1). Dementia can be caused by a number of progressive diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Mounting evidence suggests that cognitive impairments associated with dementia may be traced back to neuropathological conditions initiated several decades before clinical onset. Therefore, clinical development of novel interventions for dementia is now based on mechanisms associated with primary or secondary prevention.Diabetes increases the risk of both AD dementia and vascular dementia (2-9). Based on the National Diabetes Health Fact Sheet,~8.3% of Americans have diabetes and, as with dementia, the prevalence of diabetes increases with age; currently, 26.9% of people $65 years old have diabetes (10). Despite national and international campaign efforts to counter type 2 diabetes (T2D), its prevalence is still rising. T2D and hyperglycemia are associated with cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk for dementia, including AD-type dementia. Three longitudinal studies conducted by Yaffe et al. (11), Komulainen et al. (12), and Dik et al. (13) independently showed that T2D is related to a higher risk of cognitive decline. A meta-analysis performed by Profenno, Porsteinsson, and Faraone (14) reviewed thirteen longitudinal epidemiological studies that examined the association between diabetes and dementia and found Emerging evidence h...

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“…Only moderately correlated with each other, working memory and perceptual processing speed are differentially related to fluid reasoning. Modern neuro-imaging research suggests that processing speed is related to white matter associative tracts involved in transmission of "information" along neural pathways (Barbey et al, 2013;Colom, MartinezMolina, Shih, & Santacreu, 2011;Martinez et al, 2011;Tang et al, 2010). Thus, processing speed exerts its effect on fluid reasoning indirectly by increasing the quickness of neural transmissions between areas of the brain required to solve the problem at hand.…”

Section: An Integrative Theory Of Cognitive Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%