Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea

Leptin Deficiency Promotes Central Sleep Apnea in Patients With Heart Failure

“…The signifi cantly elevated NPs in our subject cohort are also aligned with previous investigations that found ANP and BNP concentrations to be elevated in patients with HF and CSA. 9,10 Subjects with CSA had more severe HF, including evidence of hyperventilation at rest and during exercise, compared with patients with HF without CSA, in agreement with prior report. 34 In addition to the relationship between low leptin and CSA, our data showed that leptin concentration was signifi cantly and inversely correlated with e / co 2 at rest and during exercise and with e and V t during exercise, and was positively correlated with rest and exercise P etco 2 .…”

“…7,8 Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are also increased in proportion to the hemo dynamic severity of HF, and elevated circulating con centrations have been associated with the presence of CSA. 9,10 Leptin is an adipokine that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. 11 Since its discovery, leptin has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone studied extensively in the setting of cardiovascular diseases [12][13][14][15][16] and also appears to be important in the regulation of ventilatory control.…”

Exercise End-Tidal CO 2 Predicts Central Sleep Apnea in Patients With Heart Failure

“…Several prior studies have shown patients with CSA to have more advanced HF. [31][32][33] Multiple factors associated with HF may contribute to the increased ventilatory response to exercise, including lung congestion, ergorefl ex activation, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, and lactic acidosis. 34,35 Therefore, heightened ventilatory drive with exercise may identify a subgroup of individuals at increased risk for CSA.…”

“…Multiple prior reports have demonstrated that patients with more advanced HF are more likely to have CSA. [31][32][33] Th e current study design allowed us to describe the CSA phenotype, but it prevents the generalization of these fi ndings to the overall HF population.…”

Assessment of Human Natriuretic Peptides (B), Human N-Terminal Pro-BNP and Nor-epinephrine as Neurohumoral Markers in Sleep Disordered Breathing among Heart Failure Patients in Upper Egypt

“…Similarly, Carmona-Bernalet al have studied BNP among 90 patients with HF due to systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45%) with and without CSA and reported that a significant increase was observed among HF with CSA (366.44 ± 29.6 vs. 162.01 ± 13.6 pg/ mL in No-SDB; p<0.001) [10].…”