Brain morphometric differences in youth with and without perinatally-acquired HIV: A cross-sectional study

Angeles, Christine Paula Lewis-de los; Williams, Paige L.; Jenkins, Lisanne M.; Huo, Yanling; Malee, Kathleen; Alpert, Kathryn I.; Uban, Kristina A.; Herting, Megan M.; Csernansky, John G.; Nichols, Sharon L.; Dyke, Russell B. Van; Wang, Lei; Study, Genetics

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102246

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In contrast, at age 7 years, we found thicker cortex only in a small left lateral occipital region, and less gyrification in bilateral paracentral and right temporal regions [10]. These regions seen in our cohort at ages 5 and 7 years are similar to the regions implicated in previous studies of CPHIV [56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Effect Of Perinatal Hiv Infection and Early Art Initiation O...supporting

confidence: 77%

“…The main focus of this study was to examine whether PHIV in the context of early ART initiation affects brain development across childhood. Previous cross-sectional neuroimaging studies comparing brain developmental indices of children and youth with PHIV to healthy controls found associations of HIV infection with both regionally thicker or thinner cortex [56][57][58][59], as well as regionally-specific lower gyrification [56,59].…”

Section: Effect Of Perinatal Hiv Infection and Early Art Initiation O...mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls

et al. 2023

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Background Life-long early ART (started before age 2 years), often with periods of treatment interruption, is now the standard of care in pediatric HIV infection. Although cross-sectional studies have investigated HIV-related differences in cortical morphology in the setting of early ART and ART interruption, the long-term impact on cortical developmental trajectories is unclear. This study compares the longitudinal trajectories of cortical thickness and folding (gyrification) from age 5 to 9 years in a subset of children perinatally infected with HIV (CPHIV) from the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral therapy (CHER) trial to age-matched children without HIV infection. Methods 75 CHER participants in follow-up care at FAMCRU (Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu), as well as 66 age-matched controls, received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T Siemens Allegra at ages 5, 7 and/or 9 years. MR images were processed, and cortical surfaces reconstructed using the FreeSurfer longitudinal processing stream. Vertex-wise linear mixed effects (LME) analyses were performed across the whole brain to compare the means and linear rates of change of cortical thickness and gyrification from 5 to 9 years between CPHIV and controls, as well as to examine effects of ART interruption. Results Children without HIV demonstrated generalized cortical thinning from 5 to 9 years, with the rate of thinning varying by region, as well as regional age-related gyrification increases. Overall, the means and developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and gyrification were similar in CPHIV. However, at an uncorrected p < 0.005, 6 regions were identified where the cortex of CPHIV was thicker than in uninfected children, namely bilateral insula, left supramarginal, lateral orbitofrontal and superior temporal, and right medial superior frontal regions. Planned ART interruption did not affect development of cortical morphometry. Conclusions Although our results suggest that normal development of cortical morphometry between the ages of 5 and 9 years is preserved in CPHIV who started ART early, these findings require further confirmation with longitudinal follow-up through the vulnerable adolescent period.

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Section: Effect Of Perinatal Hiv Infection and Early Art Initiation O...supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Effect Of Perinatal Hiv Infection and Early Art Initiation O...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls

et al. 2023

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Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update

Nichols

2022

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Purpose of Review Perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) can confer neurodevelopmental risk. As children with PHIV increasingly survive through adolescence and into adulthood, understanding its long-term central nervous system (CNS) impacts is critical for maximizing adult outcomes and quality of life. Recent Findings Recently published neurocognitive and neuroimaging findings show impacts on the CNS associated with early HIV disease progression that endure into adolescence and young adulthood. Although developmental trajectories in adolescence largely appear stable, further research on maturational processes is indicated. Summary Although early antiretroviral therapy in infancy appears to be protective, it is not universally available and current youth largely developed without its benefit. The neurocognitive effects of HIV and the multiple other risks to neurodevelopment experienced by youth with PHIV call for further longitudinal research and a multifaceted approach to prevention and intervention.

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Relationship between brain structural network integrity and emotional symptoms in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV

Caceres,

Scambray,

Malee

et al. 2024

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Brain morphometric differences in youth with and without perinatally-acquired HIV: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls

Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls

Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update

Relationship between brain structural network integrity and emotional symptoms in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV

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