Brain Morphology in Older African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Whites From Northern Manhattan

Brickman, Adam M.; Schupf, Nicole; Manly, Jennifer J.; Luchsinger, José A.; Andrews, Howard; Tang, Ming; Reitz, Christiane; Small, Scott A.; Mayeux, Richard; DeCarli, Charles; Brown, Truman R.

doi:10.1001/archneur.65.8.1053

Cited by 233 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Total brain and cranial volumes were derived manually on FLAIR images as previously described. 18,23 Relative brain volume was the ratio of total brain volume to intracranial volume.…”

Section: Relative Brain Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The T1-weighted images were reoriented in the coronal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the left hippocampus. 18 Borders of the hippocampus were traced manually with simultaneous monitoring in the sagittal and axial views. 18 Intrarater reliability in the right and left hippocampi was good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.98 and 0.96).…”

Section: Relative Brain Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Beginning in 2004, participants who did not have dementia at their previous follow-up visit were invited to participate in a neuroimaging study. 18 Of these 1,841 participants, 769 (41.8%) underwent MRI. Frequencies and reasons why participants did not undergo imaging were reported elsewhere.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Memory after silent stroke

Blum¹,

Luchsinger²,

Manly³

et al. 2012

Neurology

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Objective: Memory decline commonly occurs among elderly individuals. This observation is often attributed to early neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus and related brain regions. However, the contribution of vascular lesions, such as brain infarcts, to hippocampal integrity and age-associated memory decline remains unclear. Methods:We studied 658 elderly participants without dementia from a prospective, communitybased study on aging and dementia who received high-resolution structural MRI. Cortical and subcortical infarcts were identified, and hippocampal and relative brain volumes were calculated following standard protocols. Summary scores reflecting performance on tasks of memory, language, processing speed, and visuospatial function were derived from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. We used multiple regression analyses to relate cortical and subcortical infarcts, hippocampal and relative brain volume, to measures of cognitive performance in domains of memory, language, processing speed, and visuospatial ability.Results: Presence of brain infarcts was associated with a smaller hippocampus. Smaller hippocampus volume was associated with poorer memory specifically. Brain infarcts were associated with poorer memory and cognitive performance in all other domains, which was independent of hippocampus volume. Conclusions:Both hippocampal volume and brain infarcts independently contribute to memory performance in elderly individuals without dementia. Given that age-associated neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer disease, are defined primarily by impairment in memory, these findings have clinical implications for prevention and for identification of pathogenic factors associated with disease symptomatology. Neurology Memory decline is frequent among the elderly and it is most often attributed to dysfunction and atrophy of the hippocampus and related mesial temporal lobe structures.1-3 Subclinical brain infarcts are present in about one-third of older adults, and are associated with a 2-fold risk of dementia and a steeper decline in age-associated cognitive function. 4 -6 However, the effects of subclinical brain infarcts on hippocampal integrity and age-related memory decline are not well understood. Memory deficits have been described following brain infarcts. Cortical infarcts can result in diverse deficits depending on size and location of lesion and can produce cognitive decline in multiple domains, including perceptual speed and memory. 7,8 Subcortical infarcts can result in executive dysfunction, 9 although strategic thalamic or limbic system infarcts can result in memory loss. 10,11 Clinically, it can be difficult to differentiate between cognitive decline due to

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“…Total brain and cranial volumes were derived manually on FLAIR images as previously described. 18,23 Relative brain volume was the ratio of total brain volume to intracranial volume.…”

Section: Relative Brain Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Brain Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Memory after silent stroke

Blum¹,

Luchsinger²,

Manly³

et al. 2012

Neurology

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“…The WHICAP II cohort represents a combination of continuing members of a cohort recruited between 1992 and 1994 (WHICAP I; n ϭ 602) and members of a new cohort recruited between 1999 and 2002 (n ϭ 2,174). 11,12 Participants underwent identical baseline and follow-up assessments every 18 months. Handwriting assessments were at baseline.…”

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confidence: 99%

Essential tremor is associated with dementia

2009

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“…16 Thus, HIV-seropositive Latina/Latino adults may be uniquely at risk for deleterious neuropathological and neurocognitive sequelae within the context of aging. Indeed, data from the Veterans Aging Cohort 3-Site Study suggest that nationally, HIV-seropositive veterans of ethnic minority status have greater burdens of medical comorbidities, poorer health outcomes, and higher mortality rates compared to their non-Hispanic white counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

Mindt¹

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In recent years, HIV/AIDS populations have become older and increasingly more ethnically diverse. Concurrently, the prevalence of HIV-related neurocognitive (NC) impairment remains high. This study examined the effects of age and ethnicity on NC function in HIV-positive adults. The sample (N = 126; 84 Latina/o and 42 Non-Hispanic White) completed a comprehensive NC battery. Global NC and domain average demographically-corrected t-scores were generated. There were no significant differences between Younger (<50 years) Latina/os and non-Hispanic Whites on Global NC function or NC domains (all p's >.10), with generally small effect sizes. Older Latina/os (≥50 years) were significantly more impaired than Older Non-Hispanic Whites on Correspondence should be addressed to Monica Rivera Mindt, PhD, ABPP-CN, Fordham University, Department of Psychology-DE 322, New York, NY 10024, USA. riveramindt@fordham.edu. 2009. 3,4 Estimates suggest that these trends will continue, 4 and will contribute to the "graying of HIV." HHS Public AccessDespite advancements in treatment, recent research indicates that the prevalence of HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to remain as high as 52%, similar to rates reported in the pre-cART era. 5 Emerging evidence further suggests that older PLWH may be at even higher risk for developing HAND, although this literature remains somewhat equivocal (Cherner et al., 2004;Valcour, 2004). 6,7 A number of factors may potentially confer increased risk of neurocognitive decline in older PLWH, including increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology, immunological changes, and expression of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), among others. 8 However, the potential interactions of aging and HIV disease remain poorly understood. 8The risk factors for neurocognitive decline are especially salient for older racial/ethnic minority PLWHA, and this remains an understudied and poorly understood area. Not only has the HIV/AIDS population become older overall, but this population has also become increasingly ethnically diverse. In the US, the Latina/o population is disproportionately impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Among people 50 years or older in the US, Latina/os are five times as likely as their white counterparts to be living with HIV, 3 and once infected, the HIV-seropositive Latina/o population carries greater disease burden compared to nonHispanic white adults. 9 For instance, HIV-seropositive Latina/o adults have a higher mortality rate, are more likely to die at significantly younger ages, and demonstrate significantly worse executive functioning (even after accounting for relevant covariates such as reading level which is a proxy for quality of education) compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. 10,11,12,13 The general US Latina/o population also suffers from myriad other health disparities, including higher rates of stroke, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. 10,14,15 Within an aging, HIV-seropositive, and ethnically diverse urban cohort similar to tha...

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Brain Morphology in Older African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Whites From Northern Manhattan

Cited by 233 publications

References 59 publications

Memory after silent stroke

Memory after silent stroke

Essential tremor is associated with dementia

Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

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