Brain metabolism and diffusion in the rat cerebral cortex during pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Šlais, Karel; Voříšek, Ivan; Zoremba, Norbert; Homola, Aleš; Dmytrenko, Lesia; Syková, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.09.008

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Miller and Medina (1986) evidenced a very rapid (detectable 6 min postchallenge) and important (2-to 5-fold the control values) increase of lactate during at least the first two hours following the injection of 0.9 LD 50 of soman in rats. In other models of electrically or chemically induced seizures (kainate, pilocarpine, lithium-pilocarpine, bicuculine), an increase of lactate was also generally observed in the first hours, either total lactate by in vivo NMR (Meric et al, 1994;Najm et al, 1998;Van Eijsden et al, 2004) or extracellular lactate (Patel et al, 2005;Darbin et al, 2005;Slais et al, 2008). Finally, an increase of cerebral lactate has also been observed clinically during spontaneous seizures (During et al, 1994).…”

Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Changes in mouse brain metabolism following a convulsive dose of soman: A proton HRMAS NMR study

Fauvelle¹,

Dorandeu²,

Carpentier³

et al. 2010

Toxicology

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Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Changes in mouse brain metabolism following a convulsive dose of soman: A proton HRMAS NMR study

Fauvelle¹,

Dorandeu²,

Carpentier³

et al. 2010

Toxicology

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“…Johansson and Fredriksson [118] observed that in similarly induced seizures the magnitude of LPR elevation was greater in normotensive than in hypertensive seizing rats; this suggests that insufficient blood flow may not be the primary cause of the abnormal metabolic readings. Fifth, in ventilated and anesthetized rats pilocarpine-induced seizures lead to increased LPR [119]. However, not all experimental studies demonstrate this relationship between seizures and increased LPR.…”

Section: Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

Potential Non-Hypoxic/Ischemic Causes of Increased Cerebral Interstitial Fluid Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio: A Review of Available Literature

2011

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Microdialysis, an in vivo technique that permits collection and analysis of small molecular weight substances from the interstitial space, was developed more than 30 years ago and introduced into the clinical neurosciences in the 1990s. Today cerebral microdialysis is an established, commercially available clinical tool that is focused primarily on markers of cerebral energy metabolism (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) and cell damage (glycerol), and neurotransmitters (glutamate). Although the brain comprises only 2% of body weight, it consumes 20% of total body energy. Consequently, the ability to monitor cerebral metabolism can provide significant insights during clinical care. Measurements of lactate, pyruvate, and glucose give information about the comparative contributions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms to brain energy. The lactate/pyruvate ratio reflects cytoplasmic redox state and thus provides information about tissue oxygenation. An elevated lactate pyruvate ratio (>40) frequently is interpreted as a sign of cerebral hypoxia or ischemia. However, several other factors may contribute to an elevated LPR. This article reviews potential non-hypoxic/ischemic causes of an increased LPR.

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“…A comprehensive study in the in vivo adult rat somatosensory cortex during pilocarpine-induced epilepsy showed that α dropped from 0.19 to 0.134 during seizure but λ remained unchanged at 1.58 (340) (Table 7). Measurement of ADC W using DW-MRI under similar conditions showed that this parameter was significantly reduced during seizure.…”

Section: Tma-diffusion Parameters In Pathological Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion in Brain Extracellular Space

Syková

Nicholson²

2008

Physiological Reviews

1,239

1,452

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Diffusion in the extracellular space (ECS) of the brain is constrained by the volume fraction and the tortuosity and a modified diffusion equation represents the transport behavior of many molecules in the brain. Deviations from the equation reveal loss of molecules across the blood-brain barrier, through cellular uptake, binding, or other mechanisms. Early diffusion measurements used radiolabeled sucrose and other tracers. Presently, the real-time iontophoresis (RTI) method is employed for small ions and the integrative optical imaging (IOI) method for fluorescent macromolecules, including dextrans or proteins. Theoretical models and simulations of the ECS have explored the influence of ECS geometry, effects of dead-space microdomains, extracellular matrix, and interaction of macromolecules with ECS channels. Extensive experimental studies with the RTI method employing the cation tetramethylammonium (TMA) in normal brain tissue show that the volume fraction of the ECS typically is ∼20% and the tortuosity is ∼1.6 (i.e., free diffusion coefficient of TMA is reduced by 2.6), although there are regional variations. These parameters change during development and aging. Diffusion properties have been characterized in several interventions, including brain stimulation, osmotic challenge, and knockout of extracellular matrix components. Measurements have also been made during ischemia, in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and in human gliomas. Overall, these studies improve our conception of ECS structure and the roles of glia and extracellular matrix in modulating the ECS microenvironment. Knowledge of ECS diffusion properties is valuable in contexts ranging from understanding extrasynaptic volume transmission to the development of paradigms for drug delivery to the brain.

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Brain metabolism and diffusion in the rat cerebral cortex during pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Changes in mouse brain metabolism following a convulsive dose of soman: A proton HRMAS NMR study

Changes in mouse brain metabolism following a convulsive dose of soman: A proton HRMAS NMR study

Potential Non-Hypoxic/Ischemic Causes of Increased Cerebral Interstitial Fluid Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio: A Review of Available Literature

Diffusion in Brain Extracellular Space

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