Brain Magnetic Resonance Findings in 117 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder under 5 Years Old

Rochat, Magali Jane; Distefano, Giacomo; Maffei, Monica; Toni, Francesco; Posar, Annio; Scaduto, Maria Cristina; Resca, Federica; Cameli, Cinzia; Bacchelli, Elena; Maestrini, Elena; Visconti, Paola

doi:10.3390/brainsci10100741

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Thus, EEG research in resting state has stronger advantages. The establishment of brain functional network mainly relies on functional magnetic resonance imaging, EEG, magnetoencephalography, and other imaging technologies [ 17 ]. Fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm is widely used in pattern recognition, image processing, and fuzzy modeling, because it can optimize the brain image segmentation method [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Network for Exploring the Change of Brain Neurotransmitter 5-Hydroxytryptamine of Autism Children by Resting-State EEG

Shao

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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The study was aimed at understanding the brain network and the change rule of brain neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in autism children through resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG). 20 autistic children in hospital were selected and defined as the observation group. Meanwhile, 20 healthy children were defined as the control group. EEG signals were collected for the two groups. Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm was used to extract features of EEG signals, and DTF was applied for the causal association between multichannel EEG signals. The two groups were compared for the average function value and regional efficiency of the brain neurotransmitter 5-HT. The results showed that the classification accuracy of frontal F7 channel, left frontal FP1 channel, and temporal T6 channel was 95.2%, 95.3%, and 91.2%, respectively. The average of high beta frequency band, low beta frequency band, theta frequency band, and alpha frequency band in the control group was significantly higher than that in the observation group under the optimal threshold ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with normal subjects (34.27), the average function of 5-HT in the brain was 20.13 in patients with low function and 45.74 in patients with hyperfunction. In conclusion, FCM algorithm can feature extraction of EEG signals, especially in the frontal F7 channel, the left frontal FP1 channel, and the TEMPORAL T6 channel, which has high classification accuracy and can well express the EEG signals of autistic children. The level of 5-HT in autistic children is lower than that in healthy people, and it is closely related to loneliness and depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Network for Exploring the Change of Brain Neurotransmitter 5-Hydroxytryptamine of Autism Children by Resting-State EEG

Shao

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…Ming and colleagues found a prevalence of 15% of abnormal ndings but included incidental ndings, which was de ned as normal in our study [8]. A recent paper by Rochat and colleagues of 117 children with ASD reported an abnormal MRI brain in 54.7% and minor abnormalities accounted for approximately one third of the abnormal ndings [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…White matter abnormalities have been identi ed in other ASD cohort but also in developmental delay. Abnormalities, even if radiologically signi cant, may be clinically incidental [11,18]. Other groups have hypothesised that white matter signal abnormalities may affect brain connectivity and supported by diffusion tensor imaging techniques [17,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incidental nding rates between children with ASD and neurotypically developing children appear to be similar, 5.5-68% [14][15][16]. However, the incidental nding rate in children with ASD may be higher [11,17] Thus, when ordering a brain MRI scan for a child with ASD families need to be counselled about the higher frequency of incidental ndings, which may cause extra anxiety for family and the need to follow-up neuroimaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield of MRI brain imaging in children with autism spectrum disorder

Byrne¹,

Fisher²,

Baker³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition. The American Academy of Paediatrics and American Academy of Neurology do not recommend routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of ASD. The need for a brain MRI should be decided on atypical features in the clinical history and examination. However, many physicians continue to use MRI brain routinely in the assessment process. We performed a retrospective review of indications for requesting MRI brain in our institution over a 5-year period to determine. The aim was to was to identify the yield of MRI imaging in children with ASD and calculate the prevalence of significant neuroimaging abnormalities in children with ASD and identify clinical indications for neuroimaging One hundred and eighty-one participants were analysed. An abnormal brain MRI was identified in 7.2% (13/181). Abnormal MRI brain was more likely with an abnormal neurological examination (OR 33.1, p=0.001) or genetic/metabolic abnormality (OR 20, p=0.02). In contrast, abnormal MRI was not shown to be more likely in children with a variety of other indications such as behavioural issues and developmental delay. Thus, our findings support that MRI should not be a routine investigation in ASD, without additional findings. The decision to arrange MRI brain should be made on a case-by-case basis following careful evaluation of potential risks and benefits. The impact of any findings on the management course of the child should be considered prior to arranging imaging.

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“…Hypoplasia of the posterior cerebellar vermis with an enlarged cisterna magna was first described in a 21-year-old man diagnosed with autism without intellectual disability [ 51 ]. Subsequent human neuroimaging studies support both posterior vermis hypoplasia [ 52 – 54 ] and mega cisterna magna [ 55 , 56 ]. ASD have shown decreases in the posterior vermis across diverse demographics [ 52 , 57 ], and hypoplasia of the posterior vermis has been shown to strongly predict ASD evaluation scores [ 58 ].…”

Section: Cerebellar Structure and Connectivity In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Function, and Genetics of the Cerebellum in Autism

Sydnor¹,

Aldinger

2021

J Psychiatry Brain Sci

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Autism spectrum disorders are common neurodevelopmental disorders that are defined by core behavioral symptoms but have diverse genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite its etiological heterogeneity, several unifying theories of autism have been proposed, including a central role for cerebellar dysfunction. The cerebellum follows a protracted course of development that culminates in an exquisitely crafted brain structure containing over half of the neurons in the entire brain densely packed into a highly organized structure. Through its complex network of connections with cortical and subcortical brain regions, the cerebellum acts as a sensorimotor regulator and affects changes in executive and limbic processing. In this review, we summarize the structural, functional, and genetic contributions of the cerebellum to autism.

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Brain Magnetic Resonance Findings in 117 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder under 5 Years Old

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

Brain Network for Exploring the Change of Brain Neurotransmitter 5-Hydroxytryptamine of Autism Children by Resting-State EEG

Brain Network for Exploring the Change of Brain Neurotransmitter 5-Hydroxytryptamine of Autism Children by Resting-State EEG

Yield of MRI brain imaging in children with autism spectrum disorder

Structure, Function, and Genetics of the Cerebellum in Autism

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