Brain Injury in Preterm Infants: Pathogenesis and Nursing Implications

Blackburn, Susan

doi:10.1053/j.nainr.2015.12.004

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…ROC modeling demonstrated that the Hb and Hct levels measured immediately after delivery could predict brain injury incidence that could not be corrected with post-delivery administration, indicating hysteresis and that infants may have already developed irreversible brain injury by post-delivery administration. In addition, we found that the aforementioned fetus blood indicators were correlated with the specific brain injury indicators NSE, MBP and S100B, suggesting a probable relationship between preterm infant brain injury and anemia ( 21 ). Although animal experiments have indicated that low Hb levels can increase stroke risk ( 22 ), no studies regarding the relationship between Hb and brain injury have been reported until this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The effects of rhEPO intervention for perinatal intrauterine herpes virus infection on preventing brain injury in preterm infants

2017

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The ability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) to protect preterm infants against perinatal intrauterine herpes virus infection-induced brain injury was studied. In total, 120 women infected with perinatal intrauterine herpes virus were randomized into four groups: A, B, C and D, and were given 1,500 IU (mother, pre-partum), 3,000 IU (mother, pre-partum), 250 IU/kg (infant, post-natal), and no rhEPO, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), reticulocyte (Ret), hematocrit (Hct), neuron specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP), and S100 protein B (S100B) levels were measured immediately (T0) and at 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), and 4 weeks (T3) post-delivery. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze inter-indicator correlation, and ROC risk models were established to determine the predictive value of Hb, Ret and Hct for brain injury immediately after delivery. The brain injury incidence rate of group A (10%) was significantly lower than group D (33.3%) and group B (6.7%) significantly lower than groups C (26.7%) and D. At T0, Hb, Ret and Hct in groups A and B were significantly higher than in group C and D, while from T1 to T3, groups A, B and C showed significantly higher values than group D. NSE, MBP and S100B showed an inverse trend, with groups A and B lower at T0 and groups A, B and C lower from T1-T3. Hb and NSE, MBP and S100B were negatively correlated, while no correlation was found between Ret and NSE, MBP and S100B. Finally, Hct and NSE, MBP and S100B were negatively correlated. The optimal cut-off values for Hb and Hct for brain injury diagnosis immediately post-partum were 170 g/l (sensitivity 99%, specificity 95.7%) and 28.5% (sensitivity 79.4%, specificity 100%), respectively. Ret did not show predictive value. In conclusion, pre-partum rhEPO treatment showed greater protective effects than post-natal administration, and this may be the regulation of Hb and Hct levels in post-natal preterm infants. In addition, a dose-dependent effect was displayed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The effects of rhEPO intervention for perinatal intrauterine herpes virus infection on preventing brain injury in preterm infants

2017

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“…It was observed that a large number of children presented neurological alterations, such as PIVH. Brain abnormalities in preterm twins, including PIVH and PVL, are generally associated with concomitant neuronal/axonal changes, and may be accompanied by posthemorrhagic infarction, cerebellar injury, and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus 36 . The risk for language disorders is associated with the risk of changes in motor and social development, ie delays that cause negative consequences for the child's adaptation and socialization process 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the linguistic and neurological findings of twins born preterm at twoyears of age

Souza

Casais-e-Silva

Sena

2019

jhgd

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Introduction: Prematurity, low birth weight and multiple births are risk factors for structural changes in the brain, as well as deviations in motor, cognitive, social and language development. Objective: To describe language findings and investigate the presence of neurological changes in preterm twins born at two years of age. Method: This is a cross-sectional study based on data analysis of the medical records of six pairs of low birth weight preterm twins, of both sexes, at two years of age, attended to at the State Center for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Persons withDisabilities - CEPRED, in Salvador-Bahia-Brazil. To this end, information regarding birth was collected; the clinical history; the imaging exams; and the speech, neurological and interdisciplinary assessments. Results: preterm twins had atypical language development and neurological changes that may compromise oral language development. From the neurological point of view, abnormalities common to the premature newborn, such as peri-intraventricular hemorrhage, were observed. Conclusion: Multiple births associated with prematurity and low birth weight may pose risks to the childs language acquisition.

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“…Indeed, evidence suggests that language acquisition starts in the womb and depends on a combination of biologically constrained abilities and environmental factors (e.g., intra-and extra-uterine exposure to speech sounds). Biologically, the main structure of the ear, including the cochlea, is functional by 23-25 GWs (Graven & Browne, 2008), and there is rapid brain growth paralleling major organizational events during the last trimester of pregnancy (Blackburn, 2016;Kinney, 2006). From the point of view of language exposure, the fetus can hear some speech, mainly from the mother (Querleu, Renard, Versyp, Paris-Delrue, & Cr epin, 1988), during that last trimester.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early Segmentation Abilities in Preterm Infants

Berdasco‐Muñoz

Nishibayashi

Baud

et al. 2017

Infancy

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Infants born preterm have higher risks of developing linguistic deficits. Considering that the ability to segment words from fluent speech is crucial for lexical acquisition, Experiment 1 tested the ability of healthy extremely‐to‐late preterm infants to segment monosyllabic words at 6 months of postnatal age. Results establish basic segmentation skills in these infants. While we failed to find an effect of the degree of prematurity, this issue will need further exploration. Future studies will also have to specify the scope of these early segmentation skills, both in terms of the types of words segmented, the cues used to do so, and in terms of possible differences in performance between subgroups of preterm infants (e.g., based on gestational age or medical risks). Lastly, given that the preterm infants tested had a mean maturational age of 4 months, Experiment 2 explored monosyllabic segmentation in full‐term 4‐month olds. Infants succeeded at the task, providing the earliest developmental evidence of word segmentation in full‐term infants. These findings better specify the early trajectory of segmentation abilities in both full‐term and healthy, low‐risk preterm infants and support the proposal that prematurity might have a differential effect on the early acquisition of various linguistic levels.

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Brain Injury in Preterm Infants: Pathogenesis and Nursing Implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of rhEPO intervention for perinatal intrauterine herpes virus infection on preventing brain injury in preterm infants

The effects of rhEPO intervention for perinatal intrauterine herpes virus infection on preventing brain injury in preterm infants

Description of the linguistic and neurological findings of twins born preterm at twoyears of age

Early Segmentation Abilities in Preterm Infants

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