Brain Injury and Intimate Partner Violence

Colantonio, Angela; Valera, Eve M.

doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000763

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Even though TBI can result from IPV, the connection between the two is often missed-THUS the impetus of our paper. This disconnect between IPV and TBI is common, even in “Western” settings ( 29 , 30 ); including amongst service providers ( 31 ). Had we chosen to only include papers that explicitly made the connection between IPV and TBI, we would not have this manuscript.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elephant in the room: Intimate partner violence, women, and traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a gendered form of violence that has been linked with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The prevalence of IPV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is estimated to be one of the highest globally. Yet, little is known about the association between IPV and TBI in the SSA context. In this scoping review, we examine the intersection between IPV and TBI in SSA to identify gaps, as well as intervention opportunities.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to guide our analyses and reporting, we searched for published articles indexed in the four largest and most comprehensive library databases: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and PsychInfo. Given the increasing attention that has been placed on gender disparities and health in recent years, we focused on studies published between 2010 and 2021.ResultsOur search yielded 5,947 articles and 1,258 were IPV and SSA related. Out of this, only ten examined the intersection between IPV and TBI. All focused on outcomes in female populations from South Africa (n = 5), Ghana (n = 3), Uganda (n = 1), and Cameroon (n = 1). They were a mix of qualitative studies (n = 3), neuro-imaging/biomarker studies (n = 3), case studies/reports (n = 2), quantitative surveys (n = 1) and mixed qualitative/quantitative study (n = 1). Six studies evaluated subjective reporting of IPV-induced TBI symptoms such as headaches, sleep disruptions, and ophthalmic injuries. Three examined objective assessments and included Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) dysregulation detected by salivary cortisol levels, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate brain connectivity and white matter changes. One final study took a forensic anthropology lens to document an autopsy case report of IPV-induced mortality due to physical head and face trauma.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that both subjective and objective assessments of IPV and TBI are possible in “resource-limited” settings. The combination of these outcomes will be critical for viewing IPV through a clinical rather than a cultural lens, and for substantiating the assertion that gender, is indeed, a social determinant of brain health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elephant in the room: Intimate partner violence, women, and traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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“…Women's injuries tend to be more severe (including death) than those of men [2,13]. For example, traumatic brain injuries from blows to the head and strangulation-induced anoxia from IPV are common among abused women and exacerbate mental health problems [14][15][16]. When physical injuries from IPV are repeated and/or severe, they may elicit chronic pain (e.g., headaches, back pain, and arthritis) [17,18].…”

Section: Physical Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Implications of Research on Intimate Partner Violence Experiences for the Mental Health Clinician

Doyle

Knetig

Iverson

2022

Curr Treat Options Psych

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Purpose of review Individuals experiencing mental health difficulties are at heightened risk for experiencing past and recent intimate partner violence (IPV), including sexual, psychological, and physical violence and/or stalking, from an intimate partner. Yet, mental health clinicians often report limited knowledge about IPV, especially best clinical practices for identifying and addressing IPV experiences in routine mental health care. Recent findings This paper reviews literature on IPV experiences, including prevalence, linkages with mental health problems, considerations for vulnerable populations, and evidence-based practices for screening, assessment, and intervention for IPV in the context of mental health care. These practices are rooted in trauma-informed and person-centered care principles and emphasize safety and empowerment. Summary We conclude by commenting on common clinician challenges and considerations for case conceptualization for individuals experiencing IPV.

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“…Meanwhile, gender is linked to a propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviors and exposure to violence 9 , 10 . For instance, men tend to take more risks to prove their masculinity, and consequently, they are more likely than women to be involved in serious car accidents or sports injuries, whereas women are more likely to be exposed to gender based violence 4 , 5 , 11 – 13 . Therefore, it is possible that there are gender-related characteristics apart from biological sex that are important to be aware of as they may affect TBI outcomes differently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases

Teterina,

Zulbayar,

Mollayeva

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Understanding the factors associated with elevated risks and adverse consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an integral part of developing preventive measures for TBI. Brain injury outcomes differ based on one’s sex (biological characteristics) and gender (social characteristics reflecting norms and relationships), however, whether it is sex or gender that drives differences in early (30-day) mortality and discharge location post-TBI is not well understood. In the absence of a gender variable in existing data, we developed a method for “measuring gender” in 276,812 residents of Ontario, Canada who entered the emergency department and acute care hospitals with a TBI diagnostic code between April 1st, 2002, and March 31st, 2020. We applied logistic regression to analyse differences in diagnostic codes between the sexes and to derive a gender score that reflected social dimensions. We used the derived gender score along with a sex variable to demonstrate how it can be used to separate the relationship between sex, gender and TBI outcomes after severe TBI. Sex had a significant effect on early mortality after severe TBI with a rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.54 (1.24–1.91). Gender had a more significant effect than sex on discharge location. A person expressing more “woman-like” characteristics had lower odds of being discharged to rehabilitation versus home with odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.54 (0.32–0.88). The method we propose offers an opportunity to measure a gender effect independently of sex on TBI outcomes.

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Brain Injury and Intimate Partner Violence

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

The elephant in the room: Intimate partner violence, women, and traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa

The elephant in the room: Intimate partner violence, women, and traumatic brain injury in sub-Saharan Africa

Practical Implications of Research on Intimate Partner Violence Experiences for the Mental Health Clinician

Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases

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