Brain Injury and Impact Characteristics

Saboori, Parisa; Walker, Graham

doi:10.1007/s10439-019-02199-z

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Intracranial head organs have been known to be the most sensitive organs involved in lifethreatening injuries caused by impact incidents and blast waves [1][2][3]. Due to the complex mechanical and physical reactions of the head and brain under impact and explosion waves, the mechanism of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) is not well understood [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical properties of brain tissue are a fundamental subject of biomechanics and have been extensively studied in the last few decades [3,14,15]. It has been shown that the mechanical behavior of the brain is dominated by the loading rate and varies nonlinearly with any change in strain, as well as with its strain rate [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Strain Rates in the Brain, Brainstem, Dura, and Skull under Dynamic Loadings

Hosseini-Farid

Amiri-Tehrani-Zadeh

Ramzanpour

et al. 2020

MCA

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Knowing the precise material properties of intracranial head organs is crucial for studying the biomechanics of head injury. It has been shown that these biological tissues are significantly rate-dependent; hence, their material properties should be determined with respect to the range of deformation rate they experience. In this paper, a validated finite element human head model is used to investigate the biomechanics of the head in impact and blast, leading to traumatic brain injuries (TBI). We simulate the head under various directions and velocities of impacts, as well as helmeted and unhelmeted head under blast shock waves. It is demonstrated that the strain rates for the brain are in the range of 36 to 241 s −1 , approximately 1.9 and 0.86 times the resulting head acceleration under impacts and blast scenarios, respectively. The skull was found to experience a rate in the range of 14 to 182 s −1 , approximately 0.7 and 0.43 times the head acceleration corresponding to impact and blast cases. The results of these incident simulations indicate that the strain rates for brainstem and dura mater are respectively in the range of 15 to 338 and 8 to 149 s −1 . These findings provide a good insight into characterizing the brain tissue, cranial bone, brainstem and dura mater, and also selecting material properties in advance for computational dynamical studies of the human head.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Strain Rates in the Brain, Brainstem, Dura, and Skull under Dynamic Loadings

Hosseini-Farid

Amiri-Tehrani-Zadeh

Ramzanpour

et al. 2020

MCA

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show abstract

“…Computational models have been employed to investigate brain tissue biomechanics in response to high impact loading (e.g., see papers 11 – 13 ) and to simulate brain deformations in the surgical setting (e.g., see papers 14 , 15 ). However, efforts to simulate decompressive craniectomy have been very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decompressive craniectomy of post-traumatic brain injury: an in silico modelling approach for intracranial hypertension management

Lambride

Christodoulou

Michail

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain edema that induces increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion. Decompressive craniectomy has been recommended as a surgical procedure for the management of swollen brain and intracranial hypertension. Proper location and size of a decompressive craniectomy, however, remain controversial and no clinical guidelines are available. Mathematical and computational (in silico) models can predict the optimum geometric conditions and provide insights for the brain mechanical response following a decompressive craniectomy. In this work, we present a finite element model of post-traumatic brain injury and decompressive craniectomy that incorporates a biphasic, nonlinear biomechanical model of the brain. A homogenous pressure is applied in the brain to represent the intracranial pressure loading caused by the tissue swelling and the models calculate the deformations and stresses in the brain as well as the herniated volume of the brain tissue that exits the skull following craniectomy. Simulations for different craniectomy geometries (unilateral, bifrontal and bifrontal with midline bar) and sizes are employed to identify optimal clinical conditions of decompressive craniectomy. The reported results for the herniated volume of the brain tissue as a function of the intracranial pressure loading under a specific geometry and size of craniectomy are exceptionally relevant for decompressive craniectomy planning.

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“…Some of these models were developed with the goal to optimize the helmet design according to specific criteria [23,27,28,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. These coupled with FE head models make it possible to predict traumatic brain injuries [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certified Motorcycle Helmets: Computational Evaluation of the Efficacy of Standard Requirements with Finite Element Models

Fernandes

Sousa

Ptak

et al. 2020

MCA

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Every year, thousands of people die in the European Union as a direct result of road accidents. Helmets are one of the most important types of personal safety gear. The ECE R22.05 standard, adopted in 2000, is responsible for the certification of motorcycle helmets in the European Union and in many other countries. Two decades later, it is still being used with the same requirements, without any update. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of a motorcycle helmet certified by such standard, using computational models as an assessment tool. First, a finite element model of a motorcycle helmet available on the market was developed and validated by simulating the same impacts required by the standard. Then, a finite element model of the human head is used as an injury prediction tool to assess its safety performance. Results indicate a significant risk of brain injury, which is in accordance with previous studies available in the literature. Therefore, this work underlines and emphasizes the need of improving the requirements of ECE R22.05.

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Brain Injury and Impact Characteristics

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

The Strain Rates in the Brain, Brainstem, Dura, and Skull under Dynamic Loadings

The Strain Rates in the Brain, Brainstem, Dura, and Skull under Dynamic Loadings

Decompressive craniectomy of post-traumatic brain injury: an in silico modelling approach for intracranial hypertension management

Certified Motorcycle Helmets: Computational Evaluation of the Efficacy of Standard Requirements with Finite Element Models

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