Brain Growth Patterns in Four European Cyprinid Fish Species (Cyprinidae, Teleostei): Roach &lt;i&gt;(Rutilus rutilus), &lt;/i&gt;Bream &lt;i&gt;(Abramis brama), &lt;/i&gt;Common Carp &lt;i&gt;(Cyprinus carpio) &lt;/i&gt;and Sabre Carp &lt;i&gt;(Pelecus cultratus)&lt;/i&gt;

Brandstätter, Roland; Kotrschal, Kurt

doi:10.1159/000115867

Cited by 92 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The body and brain size of the majority of the teleost species increases during most of their life [Brandstatter and Kotrschal, 1990;Divanach et al, 1993]. Based on the present data, one can safely assume that the observed increase in brain weight and size is partially due to the addition of newly generated cells to the already existing cell population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Proliferation Zones in the Adult Brain of a Sequential Hermaphrodite Teleost Species <i>(Sparus aurata)</i>

2000

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Teleost sex change is an important model to understand general principles of sexual differentiation and plasticity in the adult brain. The present study is the first to examine the proliferation zones in the adult brain of males, females and sex-changing individuals of a protandrous teleost species (Sparus aurata), by means of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine immunocytochemistry. Postnatal neurogenesis in the marine teleost brain was found in ventricular and subventricular areas of the brain that in most cases coincided with the embryonic proliferation zones. The molecular layer of corpus and valvula cerebelli exhibited the highest mitotic activity in the adult brain. High mitotic activity was observed in the hypothalamic, thalamic and telencephalic ventricular areas, as well as the dorsal and ventral rim of the optic tectum. Most of the labeled cells were elongated, indicating the initiation of migratory activity. There were no qualitative differences in the distribution of proliferation zones between the sex phases studied with the exception of the ventricular region of the dorsal hypothalamic area. Volume fraction analysis of the area occupied by the labeled cells suggested that this region included higher densities of newborn cells in the female animals. The proliferation pattern in the adult gilthead sea bream brain is in agreement with the hypothesis of the continuous generation of new cells in the teleost brain. Moreover, our data propose that cell proliferation differences possibly existing in the ventricular region of the dorsal hypothalamus between sexual phases, might be involved in central mechanisms of sexual plasticity in protandrous hermaphrodite teleosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Proliferation Zones in the Adult Brain of a Sequential Hermaphrodite Teleost Species <i>(Sparus aurata)</i>

2000

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“…These specimens were obtained from various localities in Australasia in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and/or the University of Auckland. Adult individuals were sampled whenever possible to limit allometric bias (52)(53)(54). The brain was excised from each specimen and preserved in an aldehydebased fixative [(10% formalin in 0.1 M phosphate buffer or Karnovsky's buffer (2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conserved pattern of brain scaling from sharks to primates

Yopak

Lisney

Darlington

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

160

211

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Several patterns of brain allometry previously observed in mammals have been found to hold for sharks and related taxa (chondrichthyans) as well. In each clade, the relative size of brain parts, with the notable exception of the olfactory bulbs, is highly predictable from the total brain size. Compared with total brain mass, each part scales with a characteristic slope, which is highest for the telencephalon and cerebellum. In addition, cerebellar foliation reflects both absolute and relative cerebellar size, in a manner analogous to mammalian cortical gyrification. This conserved pattern of brain scaling suggests that the fundamental brain plan that evolved in early vertebrates permits appropriate scaling in response to a range of factors, including phylogeny and ecology, where neural mass may be added and subtracted without compromising basic function.T he allometric relationship of brain parts to overall brain size has been studied and debated extensively (1-7). At the core of the debate lies the question of whether the brain is best characterized as a collection of independently varying structures/devices evolved for particular behavioral requirements or niches or as a single coordinated processing structure/device in which adaptation for species-specific behavioral capacities occurs without the production of delineable modules (8, 9). Many methodological issues have arisen as well, including what about a brain should be quantified [cells or volumes (10)], what should be compared and how, and how to take into account the statistical dependence of both structural and species relationships (11).Until recently, a single data corpus comprising primates, bats, and insectivorous mammals was the sole source for comparison (2), leaving the question of whether these mammals represented all vertebrates, or even all other mammals, unresolved. The addition of carnivorous mammals (including marine mammals), ungulates, xenarthrans, and the manatee demonstrated that the original conclusions drawn from primates, bats, and insectivores could be extended to this larger data set (8, 12). These studies revealed that mammalian brain structure exhibits a pattern of variation containing two principal components. The first component, accounting for ≈96% of the total variance of related brain parts to total brain size, loads most highly on neocortex and cerebellum. The second component loads most highly on the olfactory bulb and associated limbic structures and accounts for ≈3% of the original variance. Each brain part also has a characteristic slope with respect to absolute brain size, such that every large mammalian brain is composed disproportionately of neocortex and cerebellum. The remaining 1% of the variance must subsume all remaining sources, including niche, sex and individual differences, and measurement error. This 1% contribution is large in one sense: In two species with the same brain size, a single structure might differ by a factor of 2.5. The total range of structure sizes may differ by a factor of 100,000 or more b...

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“…Adult individuals were used wherever possible to limit allometric bias [Brandstätter and Kotrschal, 1990].…”

Section: Specimen Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Yopak¹,

Lisney²,

Collin³

et al. 2007

Brain Behav Evol

129

229

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The widespread variation in brain size and complexity that is evident in sharks and holocephalans is related to both phylogeny and ecology. Relative brain size (expressed as encephalization quotients) and the relative development of the five major brain areas (the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, and medulla) was assessed for over 40 species from 20 families that represent a range of different lifestyles and occupy a number of habitats. In addition, an index (1–5) quantifying structural complexity of the cerebellum was created based on length, number, and depth of folds. Although the variation in brain size, morphology, and complexity is due in part to phylogeny, as basal groups have smaller brains, less structural hypertrophy, and lower foliation indices, there is also substantial variation within and across clades that does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Ecological correlations, with the relative development of different brain areas as well as the complexity of the cerebellar corpus, are supported by cluster analysis and are suggestive of a range of ‘cerebrotypes’. These correlations suggest that relative brain development reflects the dimensionality of the environment and/or agile prey capture in addition to phylogeny.

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Brain Growth Patterns in Four European Cyprinid Fish Species (Cyprinidae, Teleostei): Roach <i>(Rutilus rutilus), </i>Bream <i>(Abramis brama), </i>Common Carp <i>(Cyprinus carpio) </i>and Sabre Carp <i>(Pelecus cultratus)</i>

Cited by 92 publications

References 17 publications

Proliferation Zones in the Adult Brain of a Sequential Hermaphrodite Teleost Species <i>(Sparus aurata)</i>

Proliferation Zones in the Adult Brain of a Sequential Hermaphrodite Teleost Species <i>(Sparus aurata)</i>

A conserved pattern of brain scaling from sharks to primates

Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

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