Brain glucose sensing in homeostatic and hedonic regulation

Steinbusch, Laura K. M.; Labouèbe, Gwenaël; Thorens, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.06.005

Cited by 72 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(159 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…5) (67,91). Currently these neurons are classified into two categories based on their responses to physiological changes in extracellular glucose, i.e., neurons excited by glucose ("glucose-excited") and neurons inhibited by glucose ("glucose-inhibited") (81).…”

Section: Cell Types Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the hypothalamus, glucose-excited neurons are found in the lateral part of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), whereas glucose-inhibited neurons are localized to the medial part of the ARC and the ventromedial nuclei (VMN) (Fig. 5) (91).…”

Section: Cell Types Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurons are not the only glucose-sensitive cells in the brain. Indeed, tanycytes also express GLUT-2, GK, and K ATP channels, suggesting that they are able to sense glucose (91). Moreover, studies have shown that glucose increases intracellular Ca 2ϩ waves in cultured tanycytes, a mechanism dependent on ATP release by connexin 43 (91).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the brain, specifically the hypothalamus, is a key player in the regulation of glucosensing mechanisms. In addition to receiving information via the gut-brain axis, the hypothalamus also contains glucosensitive cells able to detect glucose (91). Upon the integration of these messages, the hypothalamus sends specific signals to the tissues involved in glucose metabolism via the autonomous nervous system (ANS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Glucosensing in the gastrointestinal tract: Impact on glucose metabolism

Fournel

Marlin

Abot

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal tract is an important interface of exchange between ingested food and the body. Glucose is one of the major dietary sources of energy. All along the gastrointestinal tube, e.g., the oral cavity, small intestine, pancreas, and portal vein, specialized cells referred to as glucosensors detect variations in glucose levels. In response to this glucose detection, these cells send hormonal and neuronal messages to tissues involved in glucose metabolism to regulate glycemia. The gastrointestinal tract continuously communicates with the brain, especially with the hypothalamus, via the gut-brain axis. It is now well established that the cross talk between the gut and the brain is of crucial importance in the control of glucose homeostasis. In addition to receiving glucosensing information from the gut, the hypothalamus may also directly sense glucose. Indeed, the hypothalamus contains glucose-sensitive cells that regulate glucose homeostasis by sending signals to peripheral tissues via the autonomous nervous system. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which glucosensors along the gastrointestinal tract detect glucose, as well as the results of such detection in the whole body, including the hypothalamus. We also highlight how disturbances in the glucosensing process may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of the pathways regulating glucose homeostasis will further facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic diseases.glucosensing; glucose homeostasis; diabetes GLUCOSE REPRESENTS ONE of the major sources of energy circulating throughout the body. The tight and continuous control of glycemia in the face of fluctuations in glucose absorption, storage, and production is crucial for all living organisms. Not surprisingly, the gastrointestinal tract constitutes the first anatomic site for the detection of nutrients, including glucose. Glucose detection involves specialized cells referred to as glucosensors (21,44,64). These cells, which are present in the oral cavity as well as the small intestine, pancreas, and portal vein, express various glucose transporters and G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) implicated in the physiological response to glucosensing (21,44,64). Glucosensing by these cells evokes complex neural and endocrine responses that control glucose metabolism. Moreover, glucose detection in the gastrointestinal tract also transmits afferent nervous impulses to the brain, which, in turn, controls peripheral glucose utilization. Indeed, the brain, specifically the hypothalamus, is a key player in the regulation of glucosensing mechanisms. In addition to receiving information via the gut-brain axis, the hypothalamus also contains glucosensitive cells able to detect glucose (91). Upon the integration of these messages, the hypothalamus sends specific signals to the tissues involved in glucose metabolism via the autonomous nervous system (ANS).Metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered as ...

show abstract

Section: Cell Types Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Types Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Glucosensing in the gastrointestinal tract: Impact on glucose metabolism

Fournel

Marlin

Abot

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is affected by a change in flux of any of these processes. Type 2 diabetes, which is diagnosed based on impaired glucose homeostasis, mainly occurs as a result of impaired insulin production and action, but recent evidence infers that hyperglucagonaemia and impaired blood glucose control by the brain are also responsible [1][2][3]. Weight gain and obesity are risk factors for type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: a novel regulator of energy homeostasis expressed in a subpopulation of pancreatic islet cells

Gilon

2016

Diabetologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Hunger and thirst interact to regulate ingestive behavior in flies and mammals

Jourjine

2017

BioEssays

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In animals, nervous systems regulate the ingestion of food and water in a manner that reflects internal metabolic need. While the coordination of these two ingestive behaviors is essential for homeostasis, it has been unclear how internal signals of hunger and thirst interact to effectively coordinate food and water ingestion. In the last year, work in insects and mammals has begun to elucidate some of these interactions. As reviewed here, these studies have identified novel molecular and neural mechanisms that coordinate the regulation of food and water ingestion behaviors. These mechanisms include peptide signals that modulate neural circuits for both thirst and hunger, neurons that regulate both food and water ingestion, and neurons that integrate sensory information about both food and water in the external world. These studies argue that a deeper understanding of hunger and thirst will require closer examination of how these two biological drives interact.

show abstract

Brain glucose sensing in homeostatic and hedonic regulation

Cited by 72 publications

References 138 publications

Glucosensing in the gastrointestinal tract: Impact on glucose metabolism

Glucosensing in the gastrointestinal tract: Impact on glucose metabolism

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: a novel regulator of energy homeostasis expressed in a subpopulation of pancreatic islet cells

Hunger and thirst interact to regulate ingestive behavior in flies and mammals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About