Brain Excitability in Stroke

Carmichael, S. Thomas

doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.1175

Cited by 201 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This inter-hemispheric shift towards the unaffected hemisphere has been thought to be the sign of distress (Cramer et al, 2011). During stroke recovery (often occurring in the post-early stage of subacute phase and the chronic phase), however, the somatosensory motor activities responding to the affected limbs are transferred and reorganized in the ipsilesional cortex near the infarct area (Brown et al, 2009; Carmichael, 2012; Dijkhuizen et al, 2001; Sharma and Cohen, 2012; Tombari et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2010a). Many clinical studies have demonstrated that good motor functional recovery is associated with the increased functional activities in the ipsilesional motor cortex, whereas the patients with poor recovery show the involvement of the contralesional motor cortex during movement of the affected hand (Fridman et al, 2004; Sharma and Cohen, 2012; Werhahn et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Intrinsic Capability Of Brain Self-repair In Stroke Recomentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research

Zhao

Willing

2018

Progress in Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights to advance the research field for stroke recovery. Lifelong brain plasticity offers the long-lasting possibility to repair a stroke-damaged brain. Stroke impairs the structural and functional integrity of entire brain networks; the restorative approaches containing multi-components have great potential to maximize stroke recovery by rebuilding and normalizing the stroke-disrupted entire brain networks and brain functioning. The restorative window for stroke recovery is much longer than previously thought. The optimal time for brain repair appears to be at later stage of stroke rather than the earlier stage. It is expected that these new insights will advance our understanding of stroke recovery and assist in developing the next generation of restorative approaches for enhancing brain repair after stroke.

show abstract

Section: The Intrinsic Capability Of Brain Self-repair In Stroke Recomentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research

Zhao

Willing

2018

Progress in Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Post-stroke investigations measuring currents, neurotransmitter receptor expression, MEG recordings, and fMRI signals have demonstrated either an increase in excitation [66-68] or a decrease of inhibition [67,69,70] (especially synaptic/phasic inhibition) [13,71] particularly in the peri-infarct cortex. This increase in the excitation/inhibition ratio happens within days after stroke and has been noted to resolve outside of the SP.…”

Section: Motor Recovery and Plasticity After Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, within 3 days after stroke, tonic inhibitory activity is increased. In contrast to phasic inhibition, tonic inhibition is extra-synaptic, controls the overall inhibitory state of a neuronal circuit [71], and is indirectly related to motor recovery after stroke [13]. In a recent study, task-specific motor training, and not just ischemia alone, led to reduced inhibitory markers in a premotor area that mediated recovery [87].…”

Section: Motor Recovery and Plasticity After Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between training and plasticity in the poststroke brain

Zeiler

Krakauer²

2013

Current Opinion in Neurology

331

274

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review Recovery after stroke can occur either via reductions in impairment or through compensation. Studies in humans and non-human animal models show that most recovery from impairment occurs in the first 1 to 3 months after stroke as a result of both spontaneous reorganization and increased responsiveness to enriched environments and training. Improvement from impairment is attributable to a short-lived sensitive period of post-ischemic plasticity defined by unique genetic, molecular, physiological and structural events. In contrast, compensation can occur at any time after stroke. Here we address both the biology of the brain's post-ischemic sensitive period and the difficult question of what kind of training (task-specific vs. a stimulating environment for self-initiated exploration of various natural behaviors) best exploits this period. Recent findings Data suggest that three important variables determine the degree of motor recovery from impairment: (i) the timing, intensity, and approach to training with respect to stroke onset, (ii) the unique post-ischemic plasticity milieu, and (iii) the extent of cortical reorganization. Summary Future work will need to further characterize the unique interaction between types of training and post-ischemic plasticity, and find ways to augment and prolong the sensitive period using pharmacological agents or non-invasive brain stimulation.

show abstract

“…On a cellular level, processes of memory formation and network changes in the poststroke brain are both associated with long‐term potentiation–like phenomena and dendritic spine morphogenesis. On a molecular level, learning and memory paradigms, such as in the hippocampus, are associated with expression changes in stathmin, RB3, GAP43, and the Nogo signaling system, and these same molecular pathways are involved in recovery from stroke 12, 43. An emergent property in neural repair after stroke is that molecular systems that mediate the synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory are coopted in brain injury to produce recovery of function.…”

Section: The Suffered Is the Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts

Carmichael

2016

Annals of Neurology

Self Cite

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. The past decade has seen advances in basic science research of neural repair in stroke. The brain forms new connections after stroke, which have a causal role in recovery of function. Brain progenitors, including neuronal and glial progenitors, respond to stroke and initiate a partial formation of new neurons and glial cells. The molecular systems that underlie axonal sprouting, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis after stroke have recently been identified. Importantly, tractable drug targets exist within these molecular systems that might stimulate tissue repair. These basic science advances have taken the field to its first scientific milestone; the elemental principles of neural repair in stroke have been identified. The next stages in this field involve understanding how these elemental principles of recovery interact in the dynamic cellular systems of the repairing brain. Emergent principles arise out of the interaction of the fundamental or elemental principles in a system. In neural repair, the elemental principles of brain reorganization after stroke interact to generate higher order and distinct concepts of regenerative brain niches in cellular repair, neuronal networks in synaptic plasticity, and the distinction of molecular systems of neuroregeneration. Many of these emergent principles directly guide the development of new therapies, such as the necessity for spatial and temporal control in neural repair therapy delivery and the overlap of cancer and neural repair mechanisms. This review discusses the emergent principles of neural repair in stroke as they relate to scientific and therapeutic concepts in this field. Ann Neurol 2016;79:895–906

show abstract

Brain Excitability in Stroke

Cited by 201 publications

References 36 publications

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research

The interaction between training and plasticity in the poststroke brain

Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About