Brain Electrolytes in Depressive and Alcoholic Suicides

Shaw, David M.; Frizel, D. E.; Camps, Francis E.; White, S. A.

doi:10.1192/bjp.115.518.69

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In both situations these effects appear to be mediated via a change of RAAS activity. For an alternative explanation it should be considered that changes in electrolyte and in particular Na þ distribution have been reported early as a possible causal factor in depression (Shaw et al, 1969) pointing to a potential higher intracellular Na þ concentration in depression. A change in the driving force for reuptake mechanism would be affected by both an increased intracellular Na þ level as well as by a reduction of extracellular Na þ .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Target-based biomarker selection – Mineralocorticoid receptor-related biomarkers and treatment outcome in major depression

Büttner

Ježová

Greene

et al. 2015

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Target-based biomarker selection – Mineralocorticoid receptor-related biomarkers and treatment outcome in major depression

Büttner

Ježová

Greene

et al. 2015

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…Another hypothesis is that subtle changes in complexity of the imaged interface between white and grey matter may reflect altered brain water metabolism, due either to the illness or its treatment. Abnormal brain water metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of manic-depressive psychosis (Shaw et al 1969), and previously suggested as a possible cause of focal, subcortical signal hyperintensities (Dupont et al 1990) in manic-depressive patients. Abnormal T x relaxation times have also been reported in manic-depressives both before and after lithium treatment and related to changes in total brain water content (see Besson et al 1987 for review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal analysis of the boundary between white matter and cerebral cortex in magnetic resonance images: a controlled study of schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients

Bullmore¹,

Brammer²,

Harvey³

et al. 1994

Psychol. Med.

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SynopsisThis paper reports development of a computerized (‘box-counting’) method for estimation of fractal dimension (FD) of the magnetic resonance image (MRI) boundary between cerebral cortex and white matter; and the application of this method to MRIs of 39 schizophrenics (SZs), 23 manic-depressives (MDs) and 31 controls (CONs). Mean FD across all diagnostic groups was 1·402; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·399 to 1·406. Mean FD was greater in boundaries extracted from manic-depressive patients than in boundaries extracted from controls (difference between MD and CON mean FDs = 0·008; 95% CI −0·002 to +0·018); and less in schizophrenics than in controls (difference between SZ and CON mean FDs = −0·003; 95% CI −0·011 to +0·005). Mean FD was positively correlated with subcortical volume and anterior cerebral volume, and negatively correlated with sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volume. Significant differences in mean FD between diagnostic groups were demonstrated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; P < 0·01), with age and volumetric measures of brain size as covariates; and manic-depressive boundaries were shown to have significantly greater values for residual FD (after controlling for effects of brain size) than boundaries extracted from controls (t test; P < 0·05). It is proposed that FD is a useful measure of clinically relevant differences in the complexity of MRI boundaries.

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“…The water content was determined by weighing the tissue before and after drying to a constant weight.2' The dried residue was acid digested and the sodium and potassium concentration determined by flame photometry. 22 The 909 910 lipids were extracted into a chloroform/methanol mixture and aliquots used for each analysis. The total lipid was determined by drying23 and the phospholipid and cholesterol by commercial assay packages.24 The specific gravity was measured on a kerosene/bromobenzene gradient column.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a "moderate" alcohol intake damage the brain?

Harper

Kril

Daly

1988

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SUMMARY A range of volumetric and neurochemical analyses were carried out on the brains of 14 "moderate" drinkers. These data were compared with previous studies from controls and alcoholics. Volumetric measurements consistently suggest a loss of cerebral tissue although the differences were not statistically significant. Changes in the lipid and water content of the white matter were noted and the significance of these changes in relation to the pathogenesis of reversible brain shrinkage caused by alcohol abuse is discussed.There is a considerable volume of clinical, 1 2 neuroradiological,34 neuropsychological' and neuropathological6 -data concerning the long term effects of alcohol abuse on the human central nervous system. A large proportion of these data, particularly with regard to neuropathological changes, deals with severe chronic alcoholism. The interpretation of such data is difficult because of the frequency of occurrence of attendant disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver and nutritional deficiency disorders (Wernicke's encephalopathy) in the more advanced cases of alcoholism. Of particular interest to the general public is the long term effects of a moderate alcohol intake which many would equate with "social" drinking. Materials and methodsCases for the studies cited in this paper were The procedures and techniques utilised in determining the various parameters have been described in previous papers relating to changes in the alcoholic groups.9 1 -20 Samples from the frontal, parietal and occipital white matter of the right hemisphere were used for the various neurochemical assays. The water content was determined by weighing the tissue before and after drying to a constant weight.2' The dried residue was acid digested and the sodium and potassium concentration determined by flame photometry. Although there is a considerable amount of additional information included in the tabular data the principal aim of this paper is to address the issue of the pathological changes in the brains of men regularly drinking between 30 and 80 grams of alcohol per day. The control and alcohol data are used for comparison.

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Brain Electrolytes in Depressive and Alcoholic Suicides

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Target-based biomarker selection – Mineralocorticoid receptor-related biomarkers and treatment outcome in major depression

Target-based biomarker selection – Mineralocorticoid receptor-related biomarkers and treatment outcome in major depression

Fractal analysis of the boundary between white matter and cerebral cortex in magnetic resonance images: a controlled study of schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients

Does a "moderate" alcohol intake damage the brain?

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