Brain electrical tomography in depression: the importance of symptom severity, anxiety, and melancholic features

Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Nitschke, Jack B.; Oakes, Terrence R.; Hendrick, Andrew; Horras, Kathryn A; Larson, Christine L.; Abercrombie, Heather C.; Schaefer, Stacey M.; Koger, John; Benca, Ruth M.; Pascual-Marqui, Roberto D.; Davidson, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01313-6

Cited by 182 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The findings of altered metabolite levels in the PCC in this study support the notion that the PCC may be involved in pathological rumination and self-focused attention in depression; however, metabolite levels in the PCC of depressed patients have not yet been assessed; thus the increase in the resonance peak of mI in the PCC cannot be directly compared with other studies. Nevertheless, the present results of increased mI levels in the PCC in MDDG are in line with studies showing morphological alterations [21,23], lower electroencephalographic activation at rest [24], and higher metabolic activation during rumination [20] in MDD patients. The literature contains reports of functional hyper-connectivity in the PCC and the subgenual-cingulate cortex, correlated with behavioral measures of rumination and brooding in relation to the severity of depression [24]; and of the PCC with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, correlated with depressive symptoms in MDD [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Nevertheless, the present results of increased mI levels in the PCC in MDDG are in line with studies showing morphological alterations [21,23], lower electroencephalographic activation at rest [24], and higher metabolic activation during rumination [20] in MDD patients. The literature contains reports of functional hyper-connectivity in the PCC and the subgenual-cingulate cortex, correlated with behavioral measures of rumination and brooding in relation to the severity of depression [24]; and of the PCC with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, correlated with depressive symptoms in MDD [14]. The present results actually suggests an imbalance between the anterior and posterior regions of the midline system that concords with the proposal that altered functional connectivity underlies some aspects of emotional deregulation [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly, some neuroimaging studies have found both structural and activity alterations in the PCC of MDD patients; for example, MDD patients have reduced cortical thickness [21], decreased gray matter volume [22] and lesser cortical folding and gyrification index over PCC [23]. MDD patients show electroencephalographic hypoactivation over the posterior cingulate while at rest [24], and decreased blood flow with sad, compared to neutral word retrieval [25]; whereas they present greater activation in the PCC than controls during rumination compared to the abstract distraction condition [20], and to sad faces compared to healthy volunteers before antidepressant treatment. This highly-activated state of the PCC decreases after effective antidepressive pharmacological treatment [5,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased myo-inositol in the posterior cingulate cortex in first-episode major depressive patients

Granados-Domínguez¹,

Flores-Gutiérrez²,

Alcauter³

et al. 2013

ABB

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes and rumination, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is activated. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can directly assess living biochemistry in localized brain regions. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use 1 H-MRS as a means of analyzing brain metabolites in the PCC of a group of first-episode, unmedicated MDD patients. PCC metabolite levels were analyzed at 3-T in a single voxel located bilaterally over the PCC in 7 patients diagnosed for the first time with MDD and with no previous pharmacological treatment, as well as in 9 control subjects. Differences in metabolite levels between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Myo-inositol was significantly higher, and NAA + NAAG/Cr significantly lower, in MDD patients than in controls. The other brain metabolites showed no statistical differences. The present results suggest that alterations in PCC metabolite levels are likely involved in MDD pathophysiology, and may help to improve our understanding of MDD and the role of the PCC in some symptoms of depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased myo-inositol in the posterior cingulate cortex in first-episode major depressive patients

Granados-Domínguez¹,

Flores-Gutiérrez²,

Alcauter³

et al. 2013

ABB

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“…In PET studies, decreased glucose metabolism in the left dorsolateral PFC 60 and increased blood flow in the left ventrolateral PFC 61 has been observed in melancholic patients. In a recent EEG study based on the same subject sample, 25 we found that both melancholic and nonmelancholic subjects showed relatively increased right PFC and decreased posterior cingulate activity compared to healthy comparison subjects. In melancholic subjects only, however, right prefrontal activity was associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression severity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

Functional but not structural subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in melancholia

et al. 2003

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Major depression is a heterogeneous condition, and the search for neural correlates specific to clinically defined subtypes has been inconclusive. Theoretical considerations implicate frontostriatal, particularly subgenual prefrontal cortex (PFC), dysfunction in the pathophysiology of melancholia-a subtype of depression characterized by anhedonia-but no empirical evidence has been found yet for such a link. To test the hypothesis that melancholic, but not nonmelancholic depression, is associated with the subgenual PFC impairment, concurrent measurement of brain electrical (electroencephalogram, EEG) and metabolic (positron emission tomography, PET) activity were obtained in 38 unmedicated subjects with DSM-IV major depressive disorder (20 melancholic, 18 nonmelancholic subjects), and 18 comparison subjects. EEG data were analyzed with a tomographic source localization method that computed the cortical three-dimensional distribution of current density for standard frequency bands, allowing voxelwise correlations between the EEG and PET data. Voxel-based morphometry analyses of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were performed to assess potential structural abnormalities in melancholia. Melancholia was associated with reduced activity in the subgenual PFC (Brodmann area 25), manifested by increased inhibitory delta activity (1.5-6.0 Hz) and decreased glucose metabolism, which themselves were inversely correlated. Following antidepressant treatment, depressed subjects with the largest reductions in depression severity showed the lowest post-treatment subgenual PFC delta activity. Analyses of structural MRI revealed no group differences in the subgenual PFC, but in melancholic subjects, a negative correlation between gray matter density and age emerged. Based on preclinical evidence, we suggest that subgenual PFC dysfunction in melancholia may be associated with blunted hedonic response and exaggerated stress responsiveness.

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“…Resting electroencephalography has showed hypoactivity of the precuneus in depressed subjects (Pizzagalli et al, 2002). Patients with MDD have also showed significantly lower signal intensities in the precuneus during a paradigm that focused on judgments about self-relatedness (Grimm et al, 2009).…”

Section: Group Differences In Malff Maps Between Mdds and Hcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of body–mind relaxation meditation induction on major depressive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study

Chen

Fang

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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, The effect of body-mind relaxation meditation induction on major depressive disorder: A resting-state FMRI study, Journal of Affective Disorders, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jad. 2015.04.030 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractBackground: Meditation has been increasingly evaluated as an important complementary therapeutic tool for the treatment of depression. The present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine the effect of body-mind relaxation meditation induction (BMRMI) on the brain activity of depressed patients and to investigate possible mechanisms of action for this complex intervention.Method: 21 major depressive disorder patients (MDDs) and 24 age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) received rs-fMRI scans at baseline and after listening to a selection of audio designed to induce body-mind relaxation 2 meditation. The rs-fMRI data were analyzed using Matlab toolbox to obtain the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the BOLD signal for the whole brain. A mixed-design repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the whole brain to find which brain regions were affected by the BMRMI. An additional functional connectivity analysis was used to identify any atypical connection patterns after the BMRMI.Results: After the BMRMI experience, both the MDDs and HCs showed decreased ALFF values in the bilateral frontal pole (BA10). Additionally, increased functional connectivity from the right dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) to the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was identified only in the MDDs after the BMRMI.Limitation: In order to exclude the impact of other events on the participants' brain activity, the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HDRS) were not measured after the body-mind relaxation induction. Conclusion:Our findings support the hypothesis that body-mind relaxation meditation induction may regulate the activities of the prefrontal cortex and thus may have the potential to help patients construct reappraisal strategies that can modulate the brain activity in multiple emotion-processing systems.

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Brain electrical tomography in depression: the importance of symptom severity, anxiety, and melancholic features

Cited by 182 publications

References 72 publications

Increased myo-inositol in the posterior cingulate cortex in first-episode major depressive patients

Increased myo-inositol in the posterior cingulate cortex in first-episode major depressive patients

Functional but not structural subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in melancholia

The effect of body–mind relaxation meditation induction on major depressive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study

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