Brain Edema Formation After Brain Injury, Shock and Resuscitation

Hyperbaric oxygen and cerebral physiology

“…A critical elevation of ICP indicates the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injury 116 . Raised ICP also plays a significant role in the vicious cycle of events that can occur following periods of hypoxia or ischemia: hypoxia leads to brain swelling which causes a rise in ICP, which in turn causes more hypoxia leading to more swelling and so forth [117][118][119][120][121][122] . So, ICP monitoring has been used for many years to estimate the risk of the unfavorable development of brain injuries 116,123 .…”

Efeitos da hipertensão arterial induzida sobre a complacência e pressão de perfusão encefálica em hipertensão intracraniana experimental: comparação entre lesão encefálica criogênica e balão subdural

“…Um grupo demonstrou que o edema e inchaço encefálico surgem de modo significativo já nos primeiros 15 a 30 minutos após lesão criogênica 10 . Entretanto, a maioria dos experimentos com lesão criogênica não produziu lesão tecidual de extensão suficiente para elevar a HIC em valores que comprometessem a pressão de perfusão encefálica, nem prejudicar suficientemente o mecanismo de ARVE, pois, ou a superfície resfriada tinha pequena extensão, ou pouco tempo de contato do agente criogênico com o cérebro [11][12][13][14][15] . Historicamente a lesão criogênica não tem sido utilizada para o estudo da PIC 11,12,14 , pois parece que a extensão da lesão descrita por esses autores não teve volume suficiente para comprometer a PIC e o mecanismo de ARVE de modo significativo.…”

“…A group has shown that brain edema and swelling are significant already in the first 15 to 30 minutes after cryogenic injury 10 . However, most cryogenic injury experiments have not produced tissue damage extensive enough to increase ICH to values impairing brain perfusion pressure or causing enough damage to BVAR mechanism, because either cooled surface was small or length of cryogenic agent contact with brain was too short [11][12][13][14][15] . Historically, cryogenic injury has not been used to study ICP 11,12,14 because it seems that the extension of the injury described by these authors had not enough volume to significantly impair ICP and BVAR mechanism.…”

The HanniSetR External Ventricular Pressure Transducer and Drainage System: Experimental and Clinical Evaluation

“…Measurement accuracy is important when ICP is increasing and management decisions have to be made [12‐14]. Experience repeatedly shows that the quality standards of the manufacturers do not always comply with those needed in clinical practice [10,15].…”