Brain Drain: Post Graduation Migration Intentions and the influencing factors among Medical Graduates from Lahore, Pakistan

Imran, Nazish; Azeem, Zahra; Haider, Imran; Amjad, Naeem; Bhatti, Muhammad Riaz

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-417

Cited by 45 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Comparably, it is less than report from New Zealand, where 65% of students looking for study abroad (Moore et al 2006). In a study done in Lahore (60.4%) of the students intended to train abroad either for a specialty (54.9%) or a subspecialty (5.5%) while 10% were not clear about their future intentions (Imran et al 2011). Lastly, it is far less than the result of a study done in Lebanon, which showed 96% of students prefer to study abroad (Akl et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Factors influence abroad or home post graduates training among medical students: experience from Sudan

Gismalla

Abdallah

Mohammed

et al. 2017

IJM

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Backgrounds: Commonly, doctors migrate for postgraduate study in African and Middle-east countries to western countries. In this study, we would like to know the percentage of graduates who intended to study abroad and determine the factors of their traveling. Material and methods: This is cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Medical students were asked about their future specialty preference, reasons, and site of training. Also, some demographic data were collected. The data was analyzed by SPSS. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Result and Discussion: 197 students responded to our survey and filled the questionnaire properly. Participants knew about future specialty from the teacher, the internet, senior college and advice from a family member with rate 83 (42.1%), 42 (22.8%), 41 (21.3%), and 27(13.7%) respectively. One hundred five (53.3%) of the responders preferred to get their specialty training outside Sudan while the remainder 92(46.7%) preferred local training. The commonest specialty selected among both group are medicine and surgery respectively. Obstetrics and gynecology are selected mainly among students who prefer local training 14 out of 15 totally, with statistically significant (p-value = 0.0001). Residency has significant related to the site of training with (P value 0.03). International recognition and advanced facilities are the commonest cause of traveling abroad among the students. While free hands on training and social reasons are the most common causes of home postgraduates training. Conclusion: More than fifty percent of the participant prefers abroad post-graduates training. The factors which influents site training can be defined as "Pull and Push" factors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Factors influence abroad or home post graduates training among medical students: experience from Sudan

Gismalla

Abdallah

Mohammed

et al. 2017

IJM

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“…The keywords utilized were “reasons for physician migration”, “brain drain”, “health personnel migration”, “migration intentions among students.” The factors that were responsible for staying or migration were also ascertained by a thorough search of previous literature on the topic [28-31]. Studies conducted by Syed, Imran and Akl served as templates for push and pull factors [7,23,24]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of migration intention among medical college students [7,23-25]. Since college life marks the beginning or “roots” of a medical career, a high prevalence rate at this level is no less than a warning sign.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, the study of Syed et al was conducted at private institutions, and in doing so it overlooks the impact of tuition fees on migration intentions [7]. Similarly, Syed et al and Imran et al failed to include earlier years in their study population [7,23]. Furthermore, none of the studies previously conducted place the required emphasis on the practices of students intending migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physician migration at its roots: a study on the factors contributing towards a career choice abroad among students at a medical school in Pakistan

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPhysician migration, also known as “brain drain,” results from a combination of a gap in the supply and demand in developed countries and a lack of job satisfaction in developing countries. Many push and pull factors are responsible for this effect, with media and internet playing their parts. Large-scale physician migration can pose problems for both the donor and the recipient countries, with a resulting reinforcement in the economic divide between developed and developing countries. The main objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of migration intentions in medical undergraduates, to elucidate the factors responsible and to analyze the attitudes and practices related to these intentions.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study, conducted at Dow Medical College of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, between January, 2012 and May, 2012. A total of 323 students responded completely. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections, and was aimed at collecting demographic details, determining students’ migratory intentions, evaluating reasons for and against migration and assessing attitudes and practices of students related to these intentions.ResultsOut of 323 respondents, 195 wanted to pursue their careers abroad, giving a prevalence rate of 60.4% in our sample. United States was the most frequently reported recipient country. The most common reasons given by students who wished to migrate, in descending order, were: lucrative salary abroad followed by quality of training, job satisfaction, better way of life, relatives, more opportunities, better working environment, terrorism in Pakistan, harassment of doctors in Pakistan, desire to settle abroad, more competition in Pakistan, better management, peer pressure, longer working hours in Pakistan, religious reasons, parent pressure, political reasons and favoritism in Pakistan. A considerable number of respondents had already started studying for licensing examinations, and were also planning of gaining clinical experience in their desired country of interest.ConclusionPhysician migration is a serious condition that requires timely intervention from the concerned authorities. If considerable measures are not taken, serious consequences may follow, which may pose a threat to the healthcare system of the country.

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] A study assessing the career intentions of medical students from 6 subSaharan African countries 21 found that 40% planned to train abroad and 21% intended on relocating outside sub-Saharan Africa. The factors for the lack of retention were listed as career and training opportunities, remuneration, access to equipment and advanced technology, regulated work environment, and the politics of health care in Africa.…”

Section: Malawi East Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The African Pediatric Fellowship Program: Training in Africa for Africans

et al. 2016

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Africa has a significant burden of childhood disease, with relatively few skilled health care professionals. The African Paediatric Fellowship Programme was developed by the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health at the University of Cape Town to provide relevant training for African child health professionals, by Africans, within Africa. Trainees identified by partner academic institutions spend 6 months to 2 years training in the Department of Pediatrics and allied disciplines. They then return to their home institution to build practice, training, research, and advocacy. From 2008 to 2015, 73 physicians have completed or are completing training in general pediatrics or a pediatric subspecialty. At 1 year posttraining, 98% to 100% are practicing back in their home institution. The impact of the returning fellows is evident from their practice interventions, research collaborations, and positions as stakeholders who can change health care policies. Thirty-three centers in 13 African countries are partners with the program, and the program template is now followed by other partner sites in Africa. Increasing and retaining the skills pool of African child health specialists is building a network of motivated, highly skilled clinicians who are equipped to advance child health in Africa.

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Brain Drain: Post Graduation Migration Intentions and the influencing factors among Medical Graduates from Lahore, Pakistan

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Factors influence abroad or home post graduates training among medical students: experience from Sudan

Factors influence abroad or home post graduates training among medical students: experience from Sudan

Physician migration at its roots: a study on the factors contributing towards a career choice abroad among students at a medical school in Pakistan

The African Pediatric Fellowship Program: Training in Africa for Africans

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