Brain Development During Adolescence

Konrad, Kerstin; Firk, Christine; Uhlhaas, Peter J.

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0425

Cited by 177 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Even in adolescence, the brain is not a "finished product" (Konrad et al 2013). Brain maturation continues during adolescence, particularly the acquisition of higher order functions, such as decision making and impulse control (Gogtay et al 2004;Lopez et al 2008).…”

Section: Early Adversity and Brain Development And Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain maturation continues during adolescence, particularly the acquisition of higher order functions, such as decision making and impulse control (Gogtay et al 2004;Lopez et al 2008). Furthermore, "an imbalance in maturation" of the brain during adolescence has been noted because the subcortical area develops earlier than the prefrontal area (Konrad et al 2013). This imbalance may result in heightened sensitivity to rewards and reduced sensitivity to goal-directed behavior, which may help explain why adolescence is often a time of increased risk-taking behavior, along with the more normative and adjustive nature of risk taking during this developmental period (Moffitt 1993).…”

Section: Early Adversity and Brain Development And Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Heuristic Research Model Linking Early Socioeconomic Adversity and Youth Cumulative Disease Risk: An Integrative Review

2017

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Section: Early Adversity and Brain Development And Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Adversity and Brain Development And Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Heuristic Research Model Linking Early Socioeconomic Adversity and Youth Cumulative Disease Risk: An Integrative Review

2017

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“…Childhood and adolescence are distinct yet similarly robust periods of brain development and maturation of cognitive skills, which are vulnerable to harmful environmental influences such as illicit drug exposure [38]. Similarly, the developing rodent brain has been shown to be more vulnerable to toxins or stress as compared to the matured rodent brain [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic cisplatin exposure during infancy and adolescence causes impaired cognitive function in adulthood

John

Lomeli

Bota

2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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Cancer survivors diagnosed during infancy and adolescence may be at risk for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments (CRCI), however the effects of pediatric chemotherapy treatment on adulthood cognitive function are not well understood. Impairments in memory, attention and executive function affect 15–50% of childhood leukemia survivors related to methotrexate exposure. Systemic cisplatin is used to treat a variety of childhood and adult cancers, yet the risk and extent of cognitive impairment due to platinum-based chemotherapy in pediatric patients is unknown. Systemic cisplatin penetrates the CNS, induces hippocampal synaptic damage, and leads to neuronal and neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) loss. Survivors of non-leukemic cancers may be at risk for significant cognitive impairment related to cisplatin-driven neurotoxicity. We sought to examine the long-term effects of systemic cisplatin administration on cognitive function when administered during infancy and adolescence in a rat model. We performed cognitive testing in adult rats exposed to systemic cisplatin during either infancy or adolescence. Rats treated as adolescents showed significantly poor retrieval of a novel object as compared to controls. Further, cisplatin-treated infants and adolescents showed poor contextual discrimination as compared to controls, and an impaired response to cued fear conditioning. Ultimately, systemic cisplatin exposure resulted in more profound impairments in cognitive function in rats treated during adolescence than in those treated during infancy. Further, exposure to cisplatin during adolescence affected both hippocampus and amygdala dependent cognitive function, suggesting a more global cognitive dysfunction at this age.

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“…First, the teenagers as minors are considered as incompetent people to make rational decisions. Some scientific evidence shows that teenagers are in incapable condition to make rational decisions due to their brains are not fully developed as mature persons (Konrad et al, 2013;Giedd et al, 1999).…”

Section: Ethical Issues Of Smoking Among Teenagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

What should the Government do to Stop Epidemic of Smoking among Teenagers in Indonesia?

Tandilittin¹

2016

ACH

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Smoking epidemic has occurred among the Indonesian adolescents, as the nearly six out of ten the youth of ages 13 to 15 years smoke daily. In fact, Indonesia has also been known as "the country of smoking baby", as some family smokers have deliberately introduced the way of smoking to their toddlers. In Indonesia, the most new smokers has been ensnared by the tobacco industry, as they started to smoke when they were minors, which are in incapable condition to make rational decisions. In this context, moral question emerge: Is the government obligated to prevent teenagers from taking-up cigarettes, and what should the government do to stop the smoking epidemic among the adolescents in Indonesia? To answer these questions, this paper contain two main study: First, the author has conduct a survey to present an overview about the ensnarement of new smokers and the dilemma of the tobacco retailers in selling cigarettes to minors in Indonesia. Second, the author presents an overview of the negative impacts of tobacco on children and an obligation analysis of the government to prevent adolescents from taking-up cigarettes. It will then propose some approach to stop smoking epidemic among the adolescents in Indonesia.

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Brain Development During Adolescence

Abstract: The high plasticity of the adolescent brain permits environmental influences to exert particularly strong effects on cortical circuitry. While this makes intellectual and emotional development possible, it also opens the door to potentially harmful influences.

Cited by 177 publications

References 48 publications

Towards a Heuristic Research Model Linking Early Socioeconomic Adversity and Youth Cumulative Disease Risk: An Integrative Review

Towards a Heuristic Research Model Linking Early Socioeconomic Adversity and Youth Cumulative Disease Risk: An Integrative Review

Systemic cisplatin exposure during infancy and adolescence causes impaired cognitive function in adulthood

What should the Government do to Stop Epidemic of Smoking among Teenagers in Indonesia?

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