Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is related to stress and chewing in saliva and salivary glands

Saruta, Juri; To, Masahiro; Sakaguchi, Wakako; Kondo, Yusuke; Tsukinoki, Keiichi

doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.11.001

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its related pathways may play a certain role in this process (Huang et al, 2021 ). BDNF is one of the most widely studied neurotrophic factors, produced by nervous system and dominant target organs [such as muscle, dental pulp, and salivary gland (Saruta et al, 2020 )]. It is mainly expressed in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and other cognition-related brain regions, assisting development and repairing of the nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

Wang

Jiang

2022

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundThere is a dose-response relationship between tooth loss and cognitive impairment, while tooth loss can be an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Tooth loss can also accelerate nerve damage and neurodegeneration. However, the associated mechanisms remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of animal experiments on cognitive decline caused by the loss of occlusal support performed over the past 10 years and summarize the possible underlying mechanisms.Methods“Tooth Loss,” “Edentulous,” “Tooth Extraction and Memory Loss,” “Cognition Impairment,” and “Dementia” were used as keywords to search PubMed, Embase, SCI, ScienceDirect, and OpenGrey. A total of 1,317 related articles from 2010 to 2021 were retrieved, 26 of which were included in the review after screening according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comprehensiveness was evaluated using ARRIVE guidelines and the risk of bias was assessed using SYCLE'S risk of bias tool.ResultsThe putative mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment resulting from the loss of occlusal support are as follows: (1) The mechanical pathway, whereby tooth loss leads to masticatory motor system functional disorders. Masticatory organ activity and cerebral blood flow decrease. With reduced afferent stimulation of peripheral receptors (such as in the periodontal membrane) the strength of the connections between neural pathways is decreased, and the corresponding brain regions degenerate; (2) the aggravation pathway, in which tooth loss aggravates existing neurodegenerative changes. Tooth loss can accelerates nerve damage through apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy, increases amyloid deposition in the brain; and (3) the long-term inflammatory stress pathway, which involves metabolic disorders, microbial-gut-brain axis, the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and inflammatory cascade effect in central nervous system.ConclusionThe loss of occlusal support may lead to cognitive dysfunction through the reduction of chewing-related stimuli, aggravation of nerve damage, and long-term inflammatory stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

Wang

Jiang

2022

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Saliva is essential to preserve oral health as alterations in the salivary gland function could affect oral tissue integrity [26]. Function of the salivary glands is essentially controlled by the autonomic nervous system, so it is directly affected on exposure to stresses [26] . BDNF is among the stress markers in saliva that have been identi ed in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) Mediates the Protective Effect of L.Cucurbita Pepo on Salivary Glands of Depressed Rat Evident by Structural, Biochemical and Molecular Study

Hm¹,

Ea²,

Zm³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundAcute and chronic stresses affect the salivary glands which are the source of plasma BDNF during stressful conditions. Pumpkin is a medicinal plant with an evident antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potential antidepressant effects. This work was conducted to assess the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of albino rats’ salivary glands and evaluate the role of pumpkin extract (Pump) in ameliorating this effect. MethodsFour groups (n=10 each) of male albino rats included in this study; the control, CUMS, CUMS+ﬂuoxetine and (CUMS+Pump). Corticosterone, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α & IL-6) and the oxidant/antioxidant profile were all assessed in the serum. BDNF mRNA level was measured in the salivary glands using qRT-PCR. Histopathological changes of the salivary glands were also assessed. ResultsDepression was confirmed behaviorally and biochemically. Exposure to CUMS significantly (p< 0.001) up-regulated the level of serum corticosterone. CUMS induced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal system, atrophy of acini and increased apoptosis of the acinar and ductal cells. Both fluoxetine and Pump significantly up-regulated (p<0.001) BDNF expression in the salivary glands and ameliorated the CUMS-induced histopathological alterations in the salivary glands. Pumpkin significantly (p<0.001) increased the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT and reduced the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6.ConclusionPumpkin ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression in rats by exerting a promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-depressant-like effects in rats exposed to CUMS. Pump subsequently improved stress-induced structural changes in the salivary glands that might be due to the glands up-regulation of BDNF expression.Trial registrationNot applicable.

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“…Anorexic behavior reduces the number of meals/chewing activity in the oral cavity, decreases salivary output, and alters saliva composition and sensory perceptions [ 1 , 8 , 9 ]. Recent research on animal models has demonstrated that chewing could help attenuate the stress-induced neurophysiological response [ 10 , 11 ]. This effect might be mediated, at least in part, by saliva that besides its lubricative properties helping food bolus transformation, is known to be part of a neuroendocrine axis [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of salivary immunoglobulins and their association with analgesic neuropeptide opiorphin in anorexia nervosa during adolescence

et al. 2022

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Background Patients who suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by exceedingly lower body weight, micro- and macro-nutrient deficiencies, and hyposalivation as compared to healthy subjects. In addition, AN may predispose to difficulties in oral health maintenance. However, little is known about the relationship between stress-dependent salivary neuro/immunopeptidergic biomarkers such as opiorphin and immunoglobulins (Ig) and AN.The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate salivary opiorphin and immunoglobulins in female children and adolescents diagnosed with AN compared to healthy controls. Methods Adolescent patients with clinically-confirmed severe restrictive subtype AN (Body Mass Index BMI < 15 kg/m2, mean age 15.0 ± 1.8, n = 83) were examined in the first week of hospital admission and compared to healthy matched controls (n = 79). Measurements of salivary opiorphin, IgA, IgG, IgM (ELISA technique), and oral hygiene levels (Plaque Control Record index—PCR) were performed. Results In the AN group, a significantly higher concentration of opiorphin was evidenced (3.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml) compared to the control group (1.1 ± 1.2 ng/ml), (p < 0.001), contrary to IgM, which was significantly lower (311.0 ± 185.3 ng/ml) than in the control group (421.2 ± 168.1 ng/ml), (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of IgA and IgG, despite a higher concentration of IgA in the AN group vs. controls (p = 0.14). Spearman analysis revealed a correlation between opiorphin and age (p < 0.05), but also with all immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Similarly a correlation was found between PCR index and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM (respectively p = 0.028, p < 0.001), and between body mass, BMI, IBW% and IgA, IgM (all p < 0.05). Conclusions In the acute phase of AN, salivary changes in opiorphin and immunoglobulins related to dental plaque suggest an essential role in oral health balance. Changes related to AN may affect the anti-inflammatory and analgesic components of saliva and suggest their use as neurobiological markers in severe malnutrition.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is related to stress and chewing in saliva and salivary glands

Cited by 20 publications

References 124 publications

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) Mediates the Protective Effect of L.Cucurbita Pepo on Salivary Glands of Depressed Rat Evident by Structural, Biochemical and Molecular Study

Expression of salivary immunoglobulins and their association with analgesic neuropeptide opiorphin in anorexia nervosa during adolescence

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