Brain-derived neurotrophic factor blood levels after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Luan, Shuxin; Zhou, Bing; Wu, Qiong; Wan, Hongquan; He, Li

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101983

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Previous experimental evidence showed that electroconvulsive shocks (ECT in animal models) resulted in higher levels of BDNF in rats (Polyakova et al, 2015a). Two recent meta-analyses included studies with MDD patients treated with ECT, in which pretreatment and posttreatment BDNFs were evaluated (Rocha et al, 2016;Luan et al, 2020). SMDs of 0.56 (95% CI = 0.17-0.96) and 0.695 (95% CI = 0.402-0.988) were observed between the studies pointing to an increase in serum BDNF after the ECT.…”

Section: Clinical and Treatment Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SMDs of 0.56 (95% CI = 0.17-0.96) and 0.695 (95% CI = 0.402-0.988) were observed between the studies pointing to an increase in serum BDNF after the ECT. However, long-term (>30 days) ECT was not evaluated (Luan et al, 2020), and a high heterogeneity was observed (Rocha et al, 2016). Most importantly, more than half of the studies with ECT used several combinations of antidepressants with ECT, which potentially alters BDNF concentration (Rocha et al, 2016).…”

Section: Clinical and Treatment Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Major Depression: Do We Have a Translational Perspective?

Arosio

Guerini

Voshaar

et al. 2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. Several theories have been proposed to explain its pathological mechanisms, and the “neurotrophin hypothesis of depression” involves one of the most relevant pathways. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neurotrophin, and it has been extensively investigated in both experimental models and clinical studies of MDD. Robust empirical findings have indicated an association between increased BDNF gene expression and peripheral concentration with improved neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis. Additionally, several studies have indicated the blunt expression of BDNF in carriers of the Val66Met gene polymorphism and lower blood BDNF (serum or plasma) levels in depressed individuals. Clinical trials have yielded mixed results with different treatment options, peripheral blood BDNF measurement techniques, and time of observation. Previous meta-analyses of MDD treatment have indicated that antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy showed higher levels of blood BDNF after treatment but not with physical exercise, psychotherapy, or direct current stimulation. Moreover, the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine has presented an early increase in blood BDNF concentration. Although evidence has pointed to increased levels of BDNF after antidepressant therapy, several factors, such as heterogeneous results, low sample size, publication bias, and different BDNF measurements (serum or plasma), pose a challenge in the interpretation of the relation between peripheral blood BDNF and MDD. These potential gaps in the literature have not been properly addressed in previous narrative reviews. In this review, current evidence regarding BDNF function, genetics and epigenetics, expression, and results from clinical trials is summarized, putting the literature into a translational perspective on MDD. In general, blood BDNF cannot be recommended for use as a biomarker in clinical practice. Moreover, future studies should expand the evidence with larger samples, use the serum or serum: whole blood concentration of BDNF as a more accurate measure of peripheral BDNF, and compare its change upon different treatment modalities of MDD.

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Section: Clinical and Treatment Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical and Treatment Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Major Depression: Do We Have a Translational Perspective?

Arosio

Guerini

Voshaar

et al. 2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…80 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), known as a nerve-growth factor that mediates neuronal growth, proliferation, repair, and survival, has been widely studied for understanding the therapeutic effects of ECT and has proved to be increased after ECT. 81,82 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) seems to be increased after ECT or ECS. [83][84][85] In a model of psychosis in mice, ECS seems to resemble atypical antipsychotics with differential effects on dopaminergic pathways 86 and neurodevelopmental hypothesis is supported with increased neuroprotective molecules such as BDNF and proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells.…”

Section: Depression In Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Updates on Electro-Convulsive Therapy in Patients with Depression

Park

Kim

et al. 2021

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) has been established as a treatment modality for patients with treatment-resistant depression and with some specific subtypes of depression. This narrative review intends to provide psychiatrists with the latest findings on the use of ECT in depression, devided into total eight sub-topics.Methods We searched PubMed for English-language articles using combined keywords and tried to analyze journals published from 1995–2020.Results Pharmacotherapy such as antidepressants or maintenance ECT is more effective than a placebo as prevention of recurrence after ECT. The use of ECT in treatment-resistant depression, depressed patients with suicidal risks, elderly depression, bipolar depression, psychotic depression, and depression during pregnancy or postpartum have therapeutic benefits. As possible mechanisms of ECT, the role of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and other findings in the field of neurophysiology, neuro-immunology, and neurogenesis are also supported.Conclusion ECT is evolving toward reducing cognitive side effects and maximizing therapeutic effects. If robust evidence for ECT through randomized controlled studies are more established and the mechanism of ECT gets further clarified, the scope of its use in the treatment of depression will be more expanded in the future.

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“…In addition, changes in BDNF levels of patients with depressive disorder were observed after they received appropriate treatment. This treatment included antidepressant medication, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) [58][59][60][61]. In a meta-analysis, patients with depressive disorder showed increased BDNF levels after ECT.…”

Section: The Cytokines In Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a meta-analysis, patients with depressive disorder showed increased BDNF levels after ECT. BDNF has been suggested to be a potential indicator of ECT response [60]. Low levels of BDNF have been suggested to be associated with suicidality in patients with depressive disorders [62,63].…”

Section: The Cytokines In Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Lee¹,

Chi²,

Lee³

2021

Preprint

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Depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent mood disorder that tends to recur throughout life. Untreated mood disorders can adversely impact a patient's quality of life and cause socioeconomic loss. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. However, until now, diagnoses and treatments are conducted according to clinical symptoms. Objective and biological validation are lacking. This may result in a poor outcome for patients with depressive disorder. Research has been conducted to identify the biomarkers that are related to depressive disorder. Cumulative evidence has revealed that certain immunologic biomarkers in-cluding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines, gastrointestinal biomarkers, hormones, oxidative stress, and certain hypothalamus-pituitary axis biomarkers are associated with depressive disorder. This article reviews the biomarkers related to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric depressive disorders. To date, clinical biomarker tests are not yet available for diagnosis or for the prediction of treatment prognosis. However, cytokines such as Interleukin-2, interfer-on-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and BDNF have shown significant results in previous studies of pediatric depressive disorder. These biomarkers have the potential to be used for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and group screening for those at high risk.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor blood levels after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Major Depression: Do We Have a Translational Perspective?

Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Major Depression: Do We Have a Translational Perspective?

Recent Updates on Electro-Convulsive Therapy in Patients with Depression

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

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