Brain-Derived Exosomal Proteins as Effective Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim, Ka Young; Shin, Ki Young; Chang, Keun-A

doi:10.3390/biom11070980

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Both αand β-synuclein may be early markers of AD, even in non-demented elder subjects [83,84], while the ratio of total tau/α-synuclein may serve as a marker of tau phosphorylation, even allowing patients with the A − T + (N + ) profile to re-enter the AD diagnostic group [85]. Blood-based classical [86,87] and exosomal [88] biomarkers may prove helpful, especially for frequent monitoring of the biochemical effects of anti-amyloid antibodies. The AT(N) system is flexible and may expand to an ATX(N) form, incorporating such new or evolving biomarkers of AD-related or additional non-AD pathologies [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurochemistry to Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Treatments. Report of Four Patients

et al. 2021

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Analysis of classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, especially when incorporated in a classification/diagnostic system such as the AT(N), may offer a significant diagnostic tool allowing correct identification of Alzheimer’s disease during life. We describe four patients with more or less atypical or mixed clinical presentation, in which the classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers amyloid peptide with 42 and 40 amino acids (Aβ42 and Aβ40, respectively), phospho-tau (τP-181) and total tau (τΤ) were measured. Despite the unusual clinical presentation, the biomarker profile was compatible with Alzheimer’s disease in all four patients. The measurement of classical biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid may be a useful tool in identifying the biochemical fingerprints of Alzheimer’s disease, especially currently, due to the recent approval of the first disease-modifying treatment, allowing not only typical but also atypical cases to be enrolled in trials of such treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurochemistry to Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Treatments. Report of Four Patients

et al. 2021

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“…An analysis of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) isoforms isolated from CSF-derived EVs have identified high levels of p-T181-tau/T181 in AD patients at early stages of disease that decrease at later stages ( Saman et al, 2012 ). Interestingly, the levels of these proteins were significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls, therefore, making them promising biomarkers to study development of AD ( Kim et al, 2021 ). Several other reports have demonstrated presence of other pathogenic proteins (prion/prion-like proteins, α-synuclein) in CSF-derived EVs, making them potential candidates for development of sustained ND therapies ( Chiasserini et al, 2014 ; Stuendl et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles As Biomarkers In Neurodegenerative Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: A new paradigm in understanding, diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative disease

Dar

Badierah

Nathan

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are becoming one of the leading causes of disability and death across the globe due to lack of timely preventions and treatments. Concurrently, intensive research efforts are being carried out to understand the etiology of these age-dependent disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)—biological nanoparticles released by cells—are gaining tremendous attention in understanding their role in pathogenesis and progression of NDs. EVs have been found to transmit pathogenic proteins of NDs between neurons. Moreover, the ability of EVs to exquisitely surmount natural biological barriers, including blood-brain barrier and in vivo safety has generated interest in exploring them as potential biomarkers and function as natural delivery vehicles of drugs to the central nervous system. However, limited knowledge of EV biogenesis, their heterogeneity and lack of adequate isolation and analysis tools have hampered their therapeutic potential. In this review, we cover the recent advances in understanding the role of EVs in neurodegeneration and address their role as biomarkers and delivery vehicles to the brain.

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“…Some of these are neurofilaments [ 51 ], Aβ42 [ 52 , 53 ], tau [ 54 , 55 ], GAP-43 [ 56 ], neurogranin [ 57 ], trem2 [ 58 ], neuron-specific enolase [ 59 ], YKL-40 [ 60 ], and neuroregulin [ 61 ] among others. These also include exosomes and microRNA, which contain important information about the state and function of cells in the central nervous system [ 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Specific Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective: Challenges in Dementia Research

Stecker

2022

Medicina

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Although dementia is a common and devastating disease that has been studied intensely for more than 100 years, no effective disease modifying treatment has been found. At this impasse, new approaches are important. The purpose of this paper is to provide, in the context of current research, one clinician’s perspective regarding important challenges in the field in the form of specific challenges. These challenges not only illustrate the scope of the problems inherent in finding treatments for dementia, but can also be specific targets to foster discussion, criticism and new research. One common theme is the need to transform research activities from small projects in individual laboratories/clinics to larger multinational projects, in which each clinician and researcher works as an integral part. This transformation will require collaboration between researchers, large corporations, regulatory/governmental authorities and the general population, as well as significant financial investments. However, the costs of transforming the approach are small in comparison with the cost of dementia.

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Brain-Derived Exosomal Proteins as Effective Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 90 publications

From Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurochemistry to Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Treatments. Report of Four Patients

From Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurochemistry to Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Treatments. Report of Four Patients

Extracellular vesicles: A new paradigm in understanding, diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative disease

A Perspective: Challenges in Dementia Research

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