Brain decoding in multiple languages: Can cross-language brain decoding work?

Xu, Min; Li, Duo; Li, Ping

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104922

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Specifically, as the depth of semantic processing increases, greater cross-language semantic representations rather than within-language semantic representations were found in regions showing higher cross-language pattern similarity. These findings can be attributed to different mechanisms underlying withinlanguage and cross-language information processing (Correia et al, 2014;Correia et al, 2015;Phillips et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Given that cross-language semantic representations reflect common semantic representations between languages (Evans et al, 2019), and that deep conscious semantic processing is required for accessing to language-independent semantic representations (Sheikh et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2021), we can infer that, compared with the shallow semantic processing task, the deep semantic processing task might involve more cross-language (presumably language-independent) semantic processing, which leads to greater activation similarity between the native and second languages. This language-independent explanation seems to contradict with the results of nonsignificant differences in within-language semantic representation between the two tasks after controlling for visual and phonological information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. For example, compared to late bilinguals or bilinguals with lower second language proficiency, early bilinguals or bilinguals with higher proficiency in the second language showed less activation differences between the two languages (Chee et al, 2001;Gao et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2003;Sebastian et al, 2011;Wartenburger et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 97%

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The depth of semantic processing modulates cross‐language pattern similarity in Chinese–English bilinguals

Cao

Chen

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Previous studies have investigated factors related to the degree of cross‐language overlap in brain activations in bilinguals/multilinguals. However, it is still unclear whether and how the depth of semantic processing (a critical task‐related factor) affects the neural pattern similarity between native and second languages. To address this question, 26 Chinese–English bilinguals were scanned with fMRI while performing a word naming task (i.e., a task with shallow semantic processing) and a semantic judgment task (i.e., a task with deep semantic processing) in both native and second languages. Based on three sets of representational similarity analysis (whole brain, ROI‐based, and within‐language vs. cross‐language semantic representation), we found that select regions in the reading brain network showed higher cross‐language pattern similarity and higher cross‐language semantic representations during deep semantic processing than during shallow semantic processing. These results suggest that compared to shallow semantic processing, deep semantic processing may lead to greater language‐independent processing (i.e., cross‐language semantic representation) and cross‐language pattern similarity, and provide direct quantitative neuroimaging evidence for cognitive models of bilingual lexical memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The depth of semantic processing modulates cross‐language pattern similarity in Chinese–English bilinguals

Cao

Chen

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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“…It is worth noting that, of course, at a finer spatial scale, the different languages of a bilingual or multilingual individual must be dissociable (otherwise, there would be too much interference among the languages, making comprehension and production impossible). Indeed, a number of fMRI studies have reported reliable decoding of language identity in multivariate patterns of neural activity (Correia et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2017; Van de Putte et al, 2017; see Xu et al, 2021 for a review). That said, the current results suggest that, at least in polyglots, the same set of frontal and temporal language-selective brain areas supports the processing of linguistic input across languages, including both familiar and unfamiliar ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of the language network of polyglots and hyperpolyglots with precision fMRI

Malik-Moraleda

Jouravlev

Mineroff

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A small fraction of the world population master five or more languages. How do such polyglots represent and process their different languages, and more generally, what can this unique population tell us about the language system? We identified the language network in each of 25 polyglots (including 16 hyperpolyglots with knowledge of 10+ languages) and examined its response to the native language, languages of varying proficiency, and unfamiliar languages. We found that all languages elicit a response reliably above the perceptually matched control condition in all areas of the language network. The response magnitude across languages generally scaled with comprehension level: aside from the native language, which elicited a relatively low response, languages that were more comprehensible to the participant elicited stronger responses. This pattern held for both familiar (studied) languages, and unfamiliar languages (cognate languages of high-proficiency languages elicited a stronger response than non-cognate languages). We also replicated a prior finding of weaker responses during native language processing in polyglots compared to non-polyglots. These results contribute to our understanding of how multiple languages co-exist within a single brain and provide new evidence that the language-selective network responds more strongly to stimuli from which more linguistic meaning can be extracted.

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“…These results are, frankly, relevant, as they are key arguments to face the teaching process based on scientific facts, such as that the decoding of the brain between languages has, in turn, the potential to provide new knowledge about how our brain represents various languages. Focusing teaching on neural representations to understand the cortical representations of different languages, based on learning algorithms, which allow the capturing of spatial data and temporal information as language processing develops in real time, thus allowing the decoding of the brain in other languages [66]. This is the current line of neuroscience research on the decoding of information in different languages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodidactics of Languages: Neuromyths in Multilingual Learners

et al. 2022

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From the perspective of neuroscience applied to education and the teaching of foreign languages, this exploratory study analyzes the beliefs and conceptions about the functioning of the brain and language learning in students enrolled in Education degrees at the Melilla campus of the University of Granada. The sample consisted of 397 participants. The data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire designed for this purpose, consisting of questions related to the context and linguistic background of the respondents and to educational neuromyths regarding language learning. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 27 statistical software, and univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out according to the three grouping dimensions: (a) brain functioning, (b) multiple intelligences and learning styles, and (c) language learning. The results indicate the prevalence of neuromyths related to general concepts, which determine the learning comprehension. This corroborates the findings of research studies in other contexts. Although the participants do not show a prevalence of neuromyths regarding foreign language learning, presumably due to their experiences in multilingual contexts, which constitutes the main contribution of this study.

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Brain decoding in multiple languages: Can cross-language brain decoding work?

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

The depth of semantic processing modulates cross‐language pattern similarity in Chinese–English bilinguals

The depth of semantic processing modulates cross‐language pattern similarity in Chinese–English bilinguals

Functional characterization of the language network of polyglots and hyperpolyglots with precision fMRI

Neurodidactics of Languages: Neuromyths in Multilingual Learners

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