Brain death in a child as a result of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19‐associated acute stroke: The first case

Kangin, Murat; Talay, Mehmet Nur; Kavak, Seyhmus; Alparslan, Caner; Sayınbatur, Bahattin; Akar, Asuman; Semdinoglu, Ayten

doi:10.1111/jpc.15421

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…He improved and was discharged with moderate disability. Kanğın et al [13] reported a case of a seven-year-old previously healthy child with COVID-19 infection and catastrophic intracranial arterial thromboembolic event leading to brain death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Ischemic Stroke in an Infant With COVID-19 Infection and Delayed Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Akbar,

Creeden

2024

Cureus

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Acute ischemic stroke is an uncommon presentation in the pediatric population as compared to the elderly population. COVID-19 infection is associated with several neurological manifestations, with ischemic strokes being underrecognized. Cerebrovascular events associated with COVID-19 may be due to systemic inflammation and hypercoagulable state. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited multisystem disorder caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations of the tumor-suppressor gene neurofibromin 1, which is located at 17q11.2.1. NF1 is associated with multiple cerebrovascular abnormalities, including internal carotid artery occlusion. A review of the current literature on manifestations of COVID-19 in the pediatric population, including stroke and seizures, is also provided in this case report. A brief review of the literature on neurofibromatosis and the risk of stroke as well as other clinical manifestations is also included as a part of this case report. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing acute and rare complications of neurofibromatosis. Cerebral vasculopathy is an important but underrecognized complication of NF1. Children with neurofibromatosis and hypertension require a thorough and complete neurologic evaluation. This case describes a young infant with a delayed clinical diagnosis of NF1 who was presented with viral manifestations of COVID-19 infection and was diagnosed with a large middle cerebral artery stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Ischemic Stroke in an Infant With COVID-19 Infection and Delayed Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Akbar,

Creeden

2024

Cureus

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“…In a case series report from Chile 2021, the neurologic complications were epilepsy exacerbation, anosmia, ageusia, headache, Guillain-Barre syndrome, encephalopathy, and demyelinating events (14). A case of stroke firstly resulted in brain infarction and death in a child with COVID-19 (15). The pathophysiology of acute cerebral ischemia in COVID-19 are para-infectious and immune-mediated, and hypercoagulable state and endothelial indentation (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case of stroke firstly resulted in brain infarction and death in a child with COVID-19 (15). The pathophysiology of acute cerebral ischemia in COVID-19 are para-infectious and immune-mediated, and hypercoagulable state and endothelial indentation (15). The virus interferes with the function of ACE2 in cerebrovascular self-regulation, while reports of thrombosis, especially in the higher ages, have been reported (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Child with Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Stroke and Cardiac Insufficiency

et al. 2021

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: Multiple inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a multisystem inflammatory disease following COVID-19 in children. This disease occurs a few weeks after COVID-19. A child with this condition develops a cytokine release cascade that results in organ damage. The involved organs include the heart, lungs, brain, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. Fever is present in all patients and Kawasaki-like symptoms are one of the common features in these children. In this article, we introduce a child with MIS-C who has skin, gastrointestinal, neurological, and renal symptoms and has been hospitalized in the PICU.

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Thromboembolic complications in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C: A narrative review

et al. 2022

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COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been associated with a higher incidence of hypercoagulability and thromboembolic events (TEs), even in children, leading to relevant morbidity, and mortality. However, our understanding of such complications in childhood is limited. To better understand the incidence, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and management of COVID-19 and MIS-C-related TEs in children, a review of the current literature and a brief update on pathophysiology are given. Sixty-two studies, describing 138 patients with TEs associated with COVID-19 or MIS-C, were included. The overall number of TEs was 157, as 16 patients developed multiple TEs: venous TEs represented the majority (54%), followed by arterial thrombosis (38%, mainly represented by arterial ischemic stroke-AIS), and intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) (8%). Within the venous TEs group, pulmonary embolism (PE) was the most frequent, followed by deep venous thrombosis, central venous sinus thrombosis, and splanchnic venous thrombosis. Notably, 10 patients had multiple types of venous TEs, and four had both venous and arterial thrombosis including a newborn. Most of them (79 cases,57%) had at least one predisposing condition, being obesity the most frequent (21%), especially in patients with PE, followed by malignancy (9%). In 35% of cases, no data about the outcome were available About one-third of cases recovered, 12% improved at discharge or follow-up, and 6% had persistent neurological sequelae. The mortality rate was 12%, with death due to comorbidities in most cases. Most fatalities occurred in patients with arterial thrombosis. Pediatricians should be aware of this life-threatening possibility facing children with SARS-CoV-2 infection or its multisystemic inflammatory complication, who abruptly develop neurological or respiratory impairment. A prompt intensive care is essential to avoid severe sequelae or even exitus.

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Brain death in a child as a result of COVID‐19‐associated acute stroke: The first case

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Acute Ischemic Stroke in an Infant With COVID-19 Infection and Delayed Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Acute Ischemic Stroke in an Infant With COVID-19 Infection and Delayed Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

A Child with Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Stroke and Cardiac Insufficiency

Thromboembolic complications in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C: A narrative review

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