Brain Crosstalk with Other Organs in ICU Patient

Abstract

Crosstalk between various organs exists in the human body. This can be part of physiological reflexes such as cardiac reflexes that protect the organs during stressful stimuli or can be part of pathological conditions where an insult to an organ releases cytokines that cause distant effects on other organs. In critically ill patients, these crosstalks are independent of pre-existing common risk factors or the presence of new risk exposure during the treatment. Crosstalk can manifest in series or parallel. The human brain, being a control center of the human body, does crosstalk with almost every organ in the body. In this narrative review, crosstalk of the brain with various organs and systems such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gut, muscle, bone, skin, adipose tissue, and immune system is being discussed along with clinical manifestations and management. Future research might help to target these pathological processes in preventing progression of single-organ dysfunction to multi-organ failures in critically ill patients.

Patients With Suspected Severe Adverse Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccination Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report

“…All these therapeutic strategies should be weighted and individualized on the patient response to a critically ill condition. When considering the ICU management of TTS/VITT, it should account the potential for multiple-organ involvement (31). Indeed, despite TTS represents a rare and localized complication of COVID-19 vaccination, cerebral derangement can also be followed by systemic and life-threatening manifestations as consequence of the brain-organs crosstalk.…”

“…In the brain, the mechanism underlying interorgan crosstalk includes physiological reflexes such as baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, Bain-bridge reflex, Cushing reflex, Hering-Breuer reflex, and the release of mediators such as hormones and inflammatory markers. When the physiological crosstalk is affected, this may lead to serial organ failure, including cardiovascular collapse, kidney injury, gastrointestinal barrier derangement, and more susceptibility to infections (31)(32)(33).…”

Characteristics of Gut Microbiome After Traumatic Brain Injury

“…The gut microbiome plays an important role in health; changes in the composition of the gut microbiome are associated with altered immunity, depressive disorders, autism and other neurological disorders. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects non-neurological organ systems including the gut, leading to intestinal dysfunction 1,2. Preclinical data suggest that TBI induces an increase in intestinal permeability which may lead to bacterial translocation, sepsis, and eventually multisystem organ failure 3,4.…”

“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects nonneurological organ systems including the gut, leading to intestinal dysfunction. 1,2 Preclinical data suggest that TBI induces an increase in intestinal permeability which may lead to bacterial translocation, sepsis, and eventually multisystem organ failure. 3,4 The gut microbiome is primarily composed of gram-negative Bacteroidetes and grampositive Firmicutes, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria present in smaller numbers.…”