Brain Cortical Activity Is Influenced by Exercise Mode and Intensity

Brümmer, Vera; Schneider, Stefan; Abel, Thomas; Vogt, Tobias; Strüder, Heiko K.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182172a6f

Cited by 98 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This hypothesis is bolstered by the results of Schneider et al [84] and Brummer et al [85] who found that familiar and/or preferred exercise modes (e.g., treadmill running) are associated with decreased neuronal activity (deactivation) in the frontal cortex of healthy recreational runners, where increased neural activation of the prefrontal cortex has been mechanistically linked to the perception of activity-related dyspnea in healthy adults and in patients with COPD [86].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological and perceptual responses to incremental exercise testing in healthy men: effect of exercise test modality

Muscat

Kotrach

Wilkinson-Maitland

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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In a randomized cross-over study of 15 healthy men aged 20–30 years, we compared physiological and perceptual responses during treadmill and cycle exercise test protocols matched for increments in work rate — the source of increased locomotor muscle metabolic and contractile demands. The rates of O2 consumption and CO2 production were higher at the peak of treadmill versus cycle testing (p ≤ 0.05). Nevertheless, work rate, minute ventilation, tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (fR), inspiratory capacity (IC), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), tidal esophageal (Pes,tidal) and transdiaphragmatic pressure swings (Pdi,tidal), peak expiratory gastric pressures (Pga,peak), the root mean square of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi,rms) expressed as a percentage of maximum EMGdi,rms (EMGdi,rms%max), and dyspnea ratings were similar at the peak of treadmill versus cycle testing (p > 0.05). Ratings of leg discomfort were higher at the peak of cycle versus treadmill exercise (p ≤ 0.05), even though peak O2 consumption was lower during cycling. Oxygen consumption, CO2 production, minute ventilation, fR, Pes,tidal, Pdi,tidal and Pga,peak were higher (p ≤ 0.05), while VT, IC, IRV, EMGdi,rms%max, and ratings of dyspnea and leg discomfort were similar (p > 0.05) at all or most submaximal work rates during treadmill versus cycle exercise. Our findings highlight important differences (and similarities) in physiological and perceptual responses at maximal and submaximal work rates during incremental treadmill and cycle exercise testing protocols. The lack of effect of exercise test modality on peak work rate advocates for the use of this readily available parameter to optimize training intensity determination, regardless of exercise training mode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological and perceptual responses to incremental exercise testing in healthy men: effect of exercise test modality

Muscat

Kotrach

Wilkinson-Maitland

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Assuming a general limitation of central resources [25] this shift is expected to happen due to an increased computational demand of the motor cortex and associated areas and accordingly a limitation of remaining activity for exercise irrelevant areas. Although a number of studies could confirm this model [9,10,24] and were able to prove that a deactivation of fronto-temporal cortex areas remains stable even post exercise [6,8,9], there is currently a debate whether this deactivation occurs generally or rather is dependent on a number of influencing factors as exercise intensity [10] and/or exercise preferences [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In order to maintain exercise capacities at a high level and taking into account limited resources within the CNS, the theory of a transient hypofrontality [4][5][6][7] assumes a shift of cortical activity away from frontal and temporal brain regions (i.e. a decrease of activity in exercise irrelevant regions) towards regions of the brain that are involved in the planning, execution and programming of motor output like the primary motor cortex, supplementary and associated motor areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Beside these two principles, Schneider et al [8,14] were able to define an exercise preference hypothesis, assuming that neurophysiological effects (decrease in fronto-temporal brain regions) as well as neuro-psychological effects (increase in mood and cognitive performance) of exercise are dependent on a personal bias towards exercise. It was reported that passionate runners show positive effects of exercise only if they were allowed to run at their preferred pace but not if they were forced to run a foreseen speed, nor if they were asked to bike or arm crank with similar intensities instead of running [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of exercise on prefrontal cortex activity and cognitive performance during a simulated space flight to Mars (MARS500)

Schneider

Abeln

Popova

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

Self Cite

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“…The spectral EEG power in all frequency ranges depended on the cadence while the workload was held constant. Brümmer et al [36] indicate a relation between central activation, exercise mode and intensity. However, the influence of different cycling cadences on brain cortical activity has not been investigated before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Brain Activity is Influenced by Cadence in Cyclists

Hottenrott

Taubert

Gronwald

2013

TOSSJ

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Abstract:The importance of the central nervous system in endurance exercise has not yet been exhaustively investigated because of difficulties in measuring cortical parameters in sport science. During exercise there are a lot of artifacts and perturbations which can affect signal quality of cortical brain activity. The technical developments of surface electroencephalography (EEG) minimize such influences during standardized test conditions on a bicycle ergometer. The aim of this study was to investigate how movement frequency affects cortical brain activity and established physiological parameters during exercise. In cycling peak performance is affected by cadence. The analysis of brain cortical activity might lead to new insights in the relation of power and cadence. In a laboratory study sixteen male, endurance-trained cyclists completed a 60 min endurance exercise on a high-performance bicycle ergometer. Cadence was changed every 10 min (90-120-60-120-60-90 rpm). EEG was used to analyze changes in cortical brain activity. Furthermore, heart rate, blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured after each cadence change. The results indicate that heart rate, blood lactate and RPE were higher at 120 rpm compared to 60 rpm. The spectral EEG power increased statistically significantly in the alpha-2 and beta-2 frequency range by changing cadence from 60 to 120 rpm. By lowering the cadence from 120 to 60 rpm the spectral power dropped statistically significantly in all analyzed EEG frequency bands. The data also showed a statistically significant decrease of spectral EEG power in all frequency ranges over time. In conclusion, the analyzed EEG data indicate that cadence should be considered as an independent exercise normative in the training process, because it directly influences metabolic, cardiac and cortical parameters.

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Brain Cortical Activity Is Influenced by Exercise Mode and Intensity

Abstract: In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that cortical activation patterns depend on exercise mode and intensity and that individual exercise preferences may contribute to the positive psychophysiological response.

Cited by 98 publications

References 34 publications

Physiological and perceptual responses to incremental exercise testing in healthy men: effect of exercise test modality

Physiological and perceptual responses to incremental exercise testing in healthy men: effect of exercise test modality

The influence of exercise on prefrontal cortex activity and cognitive performance during a simulated space flight to Mars (MARS500)

Cortical Brain Activity is Influenced by Cadence in Cyclists

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