Brain contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and elastography in infants

Hwang, Misun; Zeng, Zhen; Katz, Joseph; Freeman, Colbey W.; Kilbaugh, Todd J.

doi:10.14366/usg.21224

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The elastography pattern differences between both groups were more pronounced in the DWM deep white matter zone (ROI number 1) when compared to other regions of analysis such as subcortical white matter and the frontal cortex. A plausible hypothesis is related to differences in the tissular composition of these regions, with a predominance of myelin in the deep white matter ( 40 ). Considering also the age of the subjects (6 months of adjusted chronological age), our ROI at the DWM was expected to be myelinated at this stage, different from the subcortex or frontal cortical zones ( 41 – 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy

et al. 2023

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BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection and perinatal neurologic outcomes are still not fully understood. However, there is recent evidence of white matter disease and impaired neurodevelopment in newborns following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. These appear to occur as a consequence of both direct viral effects and a systemic inflammatory response, with glial cell/myelin involvement and regional hypoxia/microvascular dysfunction. We sought to characterize the consequences of maternal and fetal inflammatory states in the central nervous system of newborns following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study from June 2020 to December 2021, with follow-up of newborns born to mothers exposed or not exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Brain analysis included data from cranial ultrasound scans (CUS) with grayscale, Doppler studies (color and spectral), and ultrasound-based brain elastography (shear-wave mode) in specific regions of interest (ROIs): deep white matter, superficial white matter, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and cortical gray matter. Brain elastography was used to estimate brain parenchymal stiffness, which is an indirect quantifier of cerebral myelin tissue content.ResultsA total of 219 single-pregnancy children were enrolled, including 201 born to mothers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and 18 from unexposed controls. A neuroimaging evaluation was performed at 6 months of adjusted chronological age and revealed 18 grayscale and 21 Doppler abnormalities. Predominant findings were hyperechogenicity of deep brain white matter and basal ganglia (caudate nuclei/thalamus) and a reduction in the resistance and pulsatility indices of intracranial arterial flow. The anterior brain circulation (middle cerebral and pericallosal arteries) displayed a wider range of flow variation than the posterior circulation (basilar artery). Shear-wave US elastography analysis showed a reduction in stiffness values in the SARS-CoV-2 exposed group in all analyzed regions of interest, especially in the deep white matter elasticity coefficients (3.98 ± 0.62) compared to the control group (7.76 ± 0.77); p-value < 0.001.ConclusionThis study further characterizes pediatric structural encephalic changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. The maternal infection has been shown to be related to cerebral deep white matter predominant involvement, with regional hyperechogenicity and reduction of elasticity coefficients, suggesting zonal impairment of myelin content. Morphologic findings may be subtle, and functional studies such as Doppler and elastography may be valuable tools to more accurately identify infants at risk of neurologic damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy

et al. 2023

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“…In recent years, SWE has shown significant potential in neonatal brain elasticity assessing [ 56 ] and disease detection. SWE uses an acoustic radiation force, or high-intensity ultrasound pulses, to deform a tissue and generate laterally propagating shear waves in the region of interest.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurosonography: Shaping the future of neuroprotection strategies in extremely preterm infants

Tang,

Li,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…The brain is generally stiffened with brain development, and softened with aging. 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 In the embryonic mouse brain, the radical glial cells and neurons are major contributors to the increased stiffness with development, while the neural progenitors contribute little to stiffness. 45 The stabilization and maturation of neural microtubule cytoskeleton and an unequal intracellular distribution of organelles contribute to the stiffening.…”

Section: Functional Roles Of Mscs In the Cerebral Neurophysiological ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout the whole lifespan, the mechanical cues are changed in the brain. The brain is generally stiffened with brain development, and softened with aging 41–44 . In the embryonic mouse brain, the radical glial cells and neurons are major contributors to the increased stiffness with development, while the neural progenitors contribute little to stiffness 45 .…”

Section: Functional Roles Of Mscs In the Cerebral Neurophysiological ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanobiological insight into brain diseases based on mechanosensitive channels: Common mechanisms and clinical potential

Li,

Zhao,

Tian

et al. 2024

CNS Neurosci Ther

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BackgroundAs physical signals, mechanical cues regulate the neural cells in the brain. The mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) perceive the mechanical cues and transduce them by permeating specific ions or molecules across the plasma membrane, and finally trigger a series of intracellular bioelectrical and biochemical signals. Emerging evidence supports that wide‐distributed, high‐expressed MSCs like Piezo1 play important roles in several neurophysiological processes and neurological disorders.AimsTo systematically conclude the functions of MSCs in the brain and provide a novel mechanobiological perspective for brain diseases.MethodWe summarized the mechanical cues and MSCs detected in the brain and the research progress on the functional roles of MSCs in physiological conditions. We then concluded the pathological activation and downstream pathways triggered by MSCs in two categories of brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and place‐occupying damages. Finally, we outlined the methods for manipulating MSCs and discussed their medical potential with some crucial outstanding issues.ResultsThe MSCs present underlying common mechanisms in different brain diseases by acting as the “transportation hubs” to transduce the distinct signal patterns: the upstream mechanical cues and the downstream intracellular pathways. Manipulating the MSCs is feasible to alter the complicated downstream processes, providing them promising targets for clinical treatment.ConclusionsRecent research on MSCs provides a novel insight into brain diseases. The common mechanisms mediated by MSCs inspire a wide range of therapeutic potentials targeted on MSCs in different brain diseases.

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Brain contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and elastography in infants

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy

Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy

Neurosonography: Shaping the future of neuroprotection strategies in extremely preterm infants

Mechanobiological insight into brain diseases based on mechanosensitive channels: Common mechanisms and clinical potential

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