Brain Behavior in Learning and Memory Recall Process: A High-Resolution EEG Analysis

Abstract

Abstract-Learning is a cognitive process, which leads to create new memory. Today, multimedia contents are commonly used in classroom for learning. This study investigated brain physiological behavior during learning and memory process using multimedia contents and Electroencephalogram (EEG) method. Fifteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated and performed three experimental tasks: i) Intelligence task, ii) learning task, and iii) recall task. EEG was recorded duration learning and memory recall task using 128 channels Hydro Cel Geodesic Net system (EGI Inc., USA) with recommended specifications. EEG source localization showed that deep brain medial temporal region was highly activated during learning task. EEG theta band in frontal and parietal regions and gamma band at left posterior temporal and frontal regions differentiated successful memory recall. This study provide additional understanding of successful memory recall that complements earlier brain mapping studies Keywords-learning, memory recall, intelligence, electroencephalography (EEG), spectral analysis.

Innovations for teaching and learning: An exploration of the potential of EEG for individual and group learning activities

“…In EEG based studies for learning, some studies reported that alpha synchronization occurred in frontal cortex during divergent thinking [13,15] while gamma sudden burst occurred mostly at temporal region as an indicator of correct answers achieved by learners [18,20]. In this study, it is predicted to that more alpha synchronization will be observed in group learning compared to that of individual learning.…”

“…In addition, gamma power was also found during correct solutions and correct recall [18][19][20][21]. In 2004, gamma was found during verbal problem solving task at right temporal region [18].…”

“…There were differences in the two studies because the study conducted in 2008 used baseline normalized value, unlike the study conducted in 2004 which used raw power value. In 2014, during correct recall, gamma was found at the left posterior temporal and left frontal region [20] (see Figure 1). Supporting this, a study in 2007 claimed that gamma power increased at recall processes in the several parts of the brain, which are hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and left temporal lobe, during 500ms to differentiate correct answers from the incorrect [19,22].…”

“…According to EEG studies, we hypothesized that group learning will produce more alpha synchronization at frontal region as compared to individual learning, and sudden burst frequency (gamma power) will occur more during group learning than individual learning. This is based on the findings in previous studies that claimed that group learning better than individual learning in problem solving task [2,4], EEG alpha synchronization represents an active cognitive process [15] and sudden burst frequency represents a correct answer [18,20].…”

A system based on 3D and 2D educational contents for true and false memory prediction using EEG signals

“…Learning is the change in behavior because of an experience; while memory is the ability to store and recall learned experience [4]. Revealing the learning and memory mechanism of human brain is the core objective of the intelligent science [3].…”