Brain astrocytes express region‐specific surface glycoproteins in culture

Barbin, G.; Katz, David M.; Chamak, Brigitte; Głowiński, J.; Prochiantz, Alain

doi:10.1002/glia.440010111

Cited by 86 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…At present, we do not know why there are various degrees of tenascin production between different nervous system structures. There is precedence for novel glycoconjugate expression by astrocytes in different areas (26), and it is compelling to consider that such variations in protein expression might lead to dichotomous effects on neurite regeneration following injury in the different areas.…”

Section: *-Roementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced expression of the developmentally regulated extracellular matrix molecule tenascin following adult brain injury.

Laywell

Dörries

Bartsch

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

258

176

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Tenascin is an extracellular matrix molecule synthesized and released by young astrocytes during embryonic and early postnatal development of the nervous system, and it is concentrated in boundaries around emerging functional neuronal units. In the adult nervous system, tenascin can be detected only in very low levels. Distinct spatial and temporal distributions of tenascin during developmental events suggest a role in the guidance and/or segregation of neurons and their processes within incipient functional patterns. We show here, using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, that stab wounds of the adult mouse cerebellar and cerebral cortices result in an enhanced expression of tenascin in a discrete region around the lesion site that is associated with a subset of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes. Tenascin upregulation in the lesioned adult brain may be directly involved in failed regeneration or indirectly involved through its interactions with other glycoconjugates that either inhibit or facilitate neurite growth.Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules may have important roles during embryonic development, possibly acting as permissive substrates that help guide cells and their processes to their targets (1). Other types of ECM molecules that have only recently been described in the central nervous system (CNS) [e.g., sulfated proteoglycans (2)] could have inhibitory functions and form barriers to growth.The tenascin molecule is an oligomeric glycoprotein constituent of the ECM that carries the carbohydrate epitope characteristic ofthe L2/HNK-1 family ofadhesion molecules (3, 4). It is referred to variously (3) as hexabrachion, glioma mesenchymal extracellular matrix protein, J1, or cytotactin. In the developing CNS, tenascin is synthesized and expressed by young astrocytes possibly mediating certain neuron-glia interactions (5). Even though the molecule is widely distributed in many different tissues during development and hyperplasia (e.g., in cartilage, regions of epithelialmesenchymal interactions, tumors) (3), in the CNS it exhibits site-restricted expression (6,7). This latter attribute of tenascin distribution prompted the designation of these regions as "boundaries," where dense accumulations of this and other glycoconjugates (i.e., glycoproteins, glycolipids, or glycosaminoglycans) cordon off emerging neuronal arrays (8). The possible biological actions of tenascin have been assayed in culture paradigms using neural (e.g., neural crest, neurons, and astrocytes) and nonneural (e.g., fibroblasts) cells, with evidence for inhibition and promotion of migration and process outgrowth (9)(10)(11)(12).The presence or absence of tenascin in or around lesion sites may have important implications for the sequelae of CNS injury. Here, we examine the effects of cerebellar and cerebral cortical lesions on tenascin expression in the adult mouse. The current study presents in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical data showing an enhanced expression of astrocytic tenascin associat...

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Section: *-Roementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced expression of the developmentally regulated extracellular matrix molecule tenascin following adult brain injury.

Laywell

Dörries

Bartsch

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

258

176

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“…Astrocytes from different anatomic regions have been found to express characteristic ion channel phenotypes, adhesive properties, and neurotransmitter receptors (for review, see Hansson, 1988;Barres, 199 1). Mesencephalic or striatal astrocytes in vitro synthesize and express distinct glycoproteins on their surface (Barbin et al, 1988). In addition, specific posttranslational modifications or alternate mRNA splicing resulting in multiple isoforms of the same molecule may also play a role in generating functional heterogeneity among astrocytes.…”

Section: Androglia Influence the Number Of Primary Dendritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in glial-derived factors that promote dendritic outgrowth from mouse cortical neurons in vitro

Roux

Reh

1994

J. Neurosci.

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To determine whether glia from different CNS regions differ in their ability to support axons or dendrites, embryonic (E18) mouse cortical neurons were cocultured with early postnatal (P4) rat astroglial derived from cortex, retina, olfactory bulb, mesencephalon, striatum, and spinal cord. After 5 d in vitro, axon and dendrite outgrowth from isolated neurons was quantified with double-labeling immunohistochemical techniques. Whereas axonal growth was similar on the various monolayers, total primary dendritic outgrowth was nearly threefold greater on glia derived from the cortex, retina, and olfactory bulb than on glia derived from mesencephalon, striatum, or spinal cord. This effect was principally on the number of primary dendrites rather than the elongation of individual dendrites. Similar morphological differences were observed when cortical neurons were grown on polylysine in a noncontact coculture system with glia continuously conditioning the media. This selective promotion of dendrite growth was independent of neuron survival. These results indicate that there are regional differences in the ability of CNS glia to support dendritic growth and that this effect is due, in part, to release of a diffusable factor.

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“…Astrocytes appear to be functionally heterogeneous. Thus, astrocytes from different regions of the brain express different sets of receptors (10), differ in their ability to produce certain proteins (5,11), and display region-specific differences in their ability to support the growth and differentiation of neurons in culture (12). Local heterogeneity is also known to exist, as astrocyte subpopulations having distinct characteristics have been identified within a single anatomical region (9,(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed establishment of rat brain cell lines with the phenotypic characteristics of type 1 astrocytes.

Radany

Brenner

Besnard

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Interest in obtaining cell lines for use in studies on the development and biochemistry of the central nervous system has motivated efforts to establish cells from primary brain cultures by the use of oncogene-transfer techniques. In previous reports, cell lines derived from astrocytes in this way have had immature or abnormal phenotypes. We have explored the possibility of specifically "targeting" expression of exogenous oncogenes to differentiated astrocytes by using the promoter of the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, which is expressed almost exclusively in such cells. We report here that cell lines displaying the phenotypic characteristics of type 1 astrocytes can be established reproducibly in this manner. Given the heterogeneity of primary cultures, the availability of clonal cell lines displaying characteristics of type 1 astrocytes should greatly facilitate our understanding of the biology of these cells.

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Brain astrocytes express region‐specific surface glycoproteins in culture

Cited by 86 publications

References 58 publications

Enhanced expression of the developmentally regulated extracellular matrix molecule tenascin following adult brain injury.

Enhanced expression of the developmentally regulated extracellular matrix molecule tenascin following adult brain injury.

Regional differences in glial-derived factors that promote dendritic outgrowth from mouse cortical neurons in vitro

Directed establishment of rat brain cell lines with the phenotypic characteristics of type 1 astrocytes.

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