Brain areas that influence general anesthesia

Leung, L. Stan; Luo, Tao; Ma, Jingyi; Herrick, Ian A.

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.08.001

Cited by 113 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…The study supports the notion that the limbic system influences general anesthesia (6)(7)(8). Within the limbic system, the nucleus accumbens is proposed to translate motivation to action, facilitated by the VTA mesolimbic dopaminergic system (9,10).…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

“…VTA dopaminergic neuronal firing activity did not correlate with sleep-wake activity in cats, but was higher generally during active waking than quiet waking (5). Neurons firing during active waking may provide a neural substrate to resist general anesthesia (6), and VTA dopaminergic neurons are an example.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimulation of VTA dopaminergic neurons likely works by recruiting neural circuits that involve limbic cortices, nucleus accumbens, and pedunculopontine nucleus (6,9,18). The role of other wake-active neurons in the emergence from general anesthesia (6,19) remains to be clarified, including neurons using neurotransmitter acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine (20), serotonin and orexin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dopamine in the ventral tegmental area facilitates emergence from general anesthesia

Leung

2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dopamine in the ventral tegmental area facilitates emergence from general anesthesia

Leung

2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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“…The hypnotic effects of GBL were enhanced by muscimol inactivation of the hippocampus, and they may shorten the period of 2.5-6 Hz PDs. The hippocampal inactivation effect may be mediated by a limbic network that involves basal ganglia and brainstem (Leung et al, 2014), perhaps overlapping with the brainstem-reticular network for PD generation as proposed by Gloor (1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Intrinsic resonance of hippocampal pyramidal cells at 4-10 Hz (Leung and Yu, 1998) or a decrease in inhibition (Perez Velazquez et al, 2007) may enhance the response to rhythmic excitation. The hippocampus, in turn, can activate specific thalamic and cortical areas, possibly indirectly through the prefrontal and cingulate cortex, midline thalamus or mesopontine brainstem (Carr and Sesack, 1996;Vertes et al, 2007;Leung et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hippocampus participates in a pharmacological rat model of absence seizures

Arcaro

Chu

et al. 2016

Epilepsy Research

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SUMMARYObjective-Using the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) model of absence seizures in Long-Evans rats, this study investigated if 2.5-6 Hz paroxysmal discharges (PDs) induced by GBL were synchronized among the thalamocortical system and the hippocampus, and whether inactivation of the hippocampus affected PDs.Methods-Local field potentials were recorded by chronically implanted depth electrodes in the neocortex (frontal, parietal, visual), ventrolateral thalamus and dorsal hippocampal CA1 area. In separate experiments, multiple unit recordings were made at the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer, or the mid-septotemporal hippocampus was inactivated by local infusion of GABA A receptor agonist muscimol.Results-As PDs developed following GBL injection, coherence of local field potentials at 2.5-6 Hz increased between the hippocampus and thalamus, and between the hippocampus and the neocortex. Hippocampal theta rhythm was disrupted when GBL induced immobility in the rats. The probability of hippocampal multiple unit firing significantly increased at 40 -80 ms prior to the negative peak of thalamic PDs. Coherence between hippocampal multiple unit activity and thalamic field potentials at 2.5-6 Hz was significantly increased after GBL injection. Muscimol infusion to inactivate the mid-septotemporal hippocampus, as compared to saline infusion, significantly decreased the peak frequency of the PDs induced by GBL, decreased 30-120 Hz hippocampal gamma power, and hastened the transition of PDs to 1-2 Hz slow waves.Significance-During GBL induced 2.5-6 Hz PDs, a hallmark of absence seizure, increased synchronization between the hippocampus and the thalamocortical network was indicated by frequency and temporal correlation analysis. These results suggest that the hippocampus was entrained by thalamocortical activity in the present model of absence seizures. Prolonged synchronization of the hippocampus may result in synaptic alterations that may explain the

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Heparin‐Derived Theranostic Nanoprobes Overcome the Blood–Brain Barrier and Target Glioma in Murine Model

Samanta

Joncour

Wegrzyniak

et al. 2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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The poor permeability of theranostic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly hampers the development of new treatment modalities for neurological diseases. A new biomimetic nanocarrier is discovered using heparin (HP) that effectively passes the BBB and targets glioblastoma. Specifically, HP-coated gold nanoparticles (HP-AuNPs) are designed that are labeled with three different imaging modalities namely, fluorescein (FITC-HP-AuNP), radioisotope 68 Gallium ( 68 Ga-HP-AuNPs), and MRI active gadolinium (Gd-HP-AuNPs). The systemic infusion of FITC-HP-AuNPs in three different mouse strains (C57BL/6JRj, FVB, and NMRI-nude) displays excellent penetration and reveals uniform distribution of fluorescent particles in the brain parenchyma (69-86%) with some accumulation in neurons (8-18%) and microglia (4-10%). Tail-vein administration of radiolabeled 68 Ga-HP-AuNPs in healthy rats also show 68 Ga-HP-AuNP inside the brain parenchyma and in areas containing cerebrospinal fluid, such as the lateral ventricles, the cerebellum, and brain stem. Finally, tail-vein administration of Gd-HP-AuNPs (that displays ≈threefold higher relaxivity than that of commercial Gd-DTPA) in an orthotopic glioblastoma (U87MG xenograft) model in nude mice demonstrates enrichment of T1-contrast at the intracranial tumor with a gradual increase in the contrast in the tumor region between 1 and 3 h. It is believed, the finding offers the untapped potential of HP-derived-NPs to deliver cargo molecules for treating neurological disorders.

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Brain areas that influence general anesthesia

Cited by 113 publications

References 255 publications

Dopamine in the ventral tegmental area facilitates emergence from general anesthesia

Dopamine in the ventral tegmental area facilitates emergence from general anesthesia

The hippocampus participates in a pharmacological rat model of absence seizures

Heparin‐Derived Theranostic Nanoprobes Overcome the Blood–Brain Barrier and Target Glioma in Murine Model

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