Brain areas involved in the control of speed during a motor sequence of the foot: Real movement versus mental imagery

Brain activity during walking: A systematic review

“…The vermis cerebellum is considered responsible for the modulation of gait speed (Jahn et al, 2004;Sauvage et al, 2013). However, also the prefrontal cortex (Harada et al, 2009;Suzuki et al, 2004) is more active during fast walking which is in accordance with previously published studies (Tashiro and Fujimoto, 1996;Tashiro et al, 2001).…”

Neural network activity and neurological soft signs in healthy adults

“…We expand previous findings by revealing significant relationships between cingulate cortical activity and NSS levels. Cingulate cortices are of special interest given converging neuroimaging evidence suggesting a crucial role of these regions in action monitoring, response inhibition and overt movement execution [35][36][37]. Specifically, our findings indicate a significant involvement of posterior cingulate cortical (PCC) activity in the expression of NSS levels, which is in good agreement with functions subserved by the PCC, such as visuospatial orientation and processing of self-relevant information [38].…”

Characterization of cortical motor function and imagery-related cortical activity: Potential application for prehabilitation

“…Some non-invasive neuroimaging (for example, fMRI) studies have indicated no or very subtle activation of sensory-motor cortex during motor imagery when compared to real-movementrelated activation [26]. However, our study is partially in line with other recent findings from magnetoencephalography (MEG) [9] and fMRI [10] indicating that MI-related activation takes place, although it differs in some aspects from RMrelated cortical activation. Desynchronization of the signal during the task execution is presented in blue and synchronization in red.…”

“…For the successful work of MI-BCIs, it is very important, therefore, to be able to extract the correct features related to imaginary motor activity, such as spatial (location), temporal (time), and spectral (frequency) signal characteristics that can be effectively further translated into computer signals. A number of studies demonstrate the similarities between signals related to real motor movement and the imaginary one [9], whereas other studies show that these two signals can differ in their characteristics [10]. Therefore, comparative studies must be conducted to clarify this question.…”