Brain and the Liver: Cerebral Edema, Hepatic Encephalopathy and Beyond

Kumar, Gagan; Taneja, Amit; Kandiah, Prem

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66432-3_8

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Consequently, detoxification is left to the skeletal muscle and brain cells, specifically astrocytes 4. As skeletal muscle becomes overwhelmed, astrocytes in the brain are left to detoxify excess ammonia to glutamine, causing cytotoxic edema and other deleterious central nervous system effects 11…”

Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute liver failure

Beck,

Bolina,

Boyd

2024

Jaapa

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Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacologic interventions to reduce ammonia concentrations, such as lactulose and rifaximin, which commonly are used to treat hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease, generally are not recommended for patients with ALF 11…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute liver failure

Beck,

Bolina,

Boyd

2024

Jaapa

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“…The presence of neurocognitive impairment is common in patients with cirrhosis [29]. In a single-center study of 158 cirrhotic patients scanned for altered mental status, Joshi et al revealed that 30% of head CTs were normal, 30% demonstrated increased atrophy, 17% with small vessel disease and 16% with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).…”

Section: Central Nervous System With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative evaluation of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation

Akhtar

2021

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

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Purpose of reviewAs the population of the world is aging the number of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is also increasing. They pose a unique challenge for the caregivers, as they have age-related physiological changes, multiple comorbidities and cirrhosis-related pathologies. Recent findingsTwenty-two percent of patients who undergo LT are older than 65 years. Many patients suffer from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis-C virus. Incidence of NASH tends to increase with age, obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Elderly patients require comprehensive cognitive, cardiac and pulmonary evaluation prior to LT. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension and frailty are of specific concern.

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“…Thecerebrum (telencephalon), responsible for controlling our emotions, hearing, vision, personality, and much more, is the largest part of the brain [5]. It is one of the areas most affected by HE precisely because it is such a big section of the brain [6], [7], [8], [9]. Our study is focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the front most of the frontal lobe [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silymarin (Sm), obtained from the seeds and fruits of Silybum marianum, is one of them. Sm is a mixture of isomeric flavonoids (silybin, is silybin, and silychristin) [9]. It can be used in high doses without any resulting side effects in either humans or animals [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Effects of Silymarin on Cerebrum With Experimental Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats

Teksoy

Şahıntürk

Cengiz

et al. 2020

Int. J. Res. Granthaalayah

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Background: The relationship between liver diseases and neurological defects is well established. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has been seen both in people with acute liver failure (ALF) and chronic liver disease (CLF). HE is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that is seen in patients suffering from liver dysfunction. Silymarin (Sm) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic features. In this study, the possible protective effects of silymarin were investigated against dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Method: To achieve this, male Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups, with 7 animals comprising each group: the control group, 50 mg/kg TAA group, 50 mg/kg Sm + TAA group, and 100 mg / kg Sm + TAA group. Results: Differences between the groups were determined by performing immunohistochemical analysis of the PFC. Bax, TNF-α, and TUNEL expression increased in the brain tissue of the experimental group where only TAA was administered. Conclusions: It was observed that in high doses in particular (100 mg/kg Sm + TAA group), Sm was effective in preventing PFC damage caused by TAA. It was determined that 100 mg/kg Sm significantly reduces TAA-induced inflammation (TNF-α and H&E) and apoptosis (Bax, TUNEL) in brain tissue.

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Brain and the Liver: Cerebral Edema, Hepatic Encephalopathy and Beyond

Cited by 8 publications

References 84 publications

Acute liver failure

Acute liver failure

Preoperative evaluation of geriatric patients undergoing liver transplantation

The Possible Effects of Silymarin on Cerebrum With Experimental Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats

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