Brain and high metabolic rate organ mass: contributions to resting energy expenditure beyond fat-free mass

Javed, Fawad; He, Qing; Davidson, Lance E.; Thornton, John C.; Albu, Jeanine; Boxt, Lawrence M.; Krasnow, Norman; Elia, Marinos; Kang, Patrick T.; Heshka, Stanley; Gallagher, Dympna

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28512

Cited by 124 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…In healthy subjects, 65-90% of the interindividual variation in REE is explained by FFM or high-metabolic-rate organ mass (2,3). In patients with diabetes, FFM is also assumed to be a main factor that affects REE and BEE.…”

Section: Mntmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of endogenous and exogenous insulin on basal energy expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes under standard treatment

Ikeda¹,

Fujimoto²,

Goto³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Factors that affect resting energy expenditure or basal energy expenditure (BEE) in patients with type 2 diabetes under standard treatment have not been evaluated in detail. Objective: We determined the clinical factors that affected BEE in addition to body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes under standard treatment. Design: BEE was measured by using indirect calorimetry under a strict basal condition in 58 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes after .7 d as inpatients under management of diabetes with medical nutrition therapy and medications. Insulin secretion was measured with a glucagon test. Stepwise regression was applied to explore determinants of BEE. Results: In the stepwise estimation, insulin secretion (P = 0.015), insulin therapy (P = 0.012), and pulse rate (P = 0.011) were selected in addition to fat-free mass (FFM) (P , 0.001) and fat mass (P = 0.006) as significant independent determinants of BEE. Standardized partial regression coefficients of the additional 3 factors were 20.16, 20.15, and 0.15, respectively, whereas those for FFM and fat mass were 0.82 and 0.19, respectively. The additional 3 factors explained another 3.9% of the variability of BEE, and the adjusted coefficient of determination was 83.4%. Age, sex, other medications, and parameters of glycemic control were not significant determinants beyond the combined contribution of body composition, endogenous and exogenous insulin, and pulse rate. Conclusion: Endogenous insulin secretion and exogenous insulin administered in treatment have significant independent effects in the lowering of BEE in patients with diabetes under standard management with medical nutrition therapy and medications.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1513-8.

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Section: Mntmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of endogenous and exogenous insulin on basal energy expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes under standard treatment

Ikeda¹,

Fujimoto²,

Goto³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…An issue of ongoing interest is whether reductions in REE adjusted for LBM observed after weight loss could be accounted for by a disproportionate loss of HMR tissue, thereby changing the composition of total LBM (5,6,33,34).…”

Section: Significance For Post-weight Loss Reementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in skeletal muscle and organ size after a weight-loss intervention in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients

Gallagher

Kelley

Thornton

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: The effect of a weight-loss intervention on the masses of lean tissues and organs in humans is not well known. Objective: We studied the effects of a diet and exercise weight-loss intervention on skeletal muscle (SM) mass and selected organs over 2 y using MRI in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes. Design: Participants were 53 women and 39 men [mean 6 SD: age 58 6 7 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) 32 6 3] enrolled in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial and randomly assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE) on whom 2 y of data were collected. MRI-derived measurements of SM, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreas were acquired. Results: Adjusted for baseline weight, height, age, sex, and ethnicity, the ILI group weighed (mean 6 SE) 6.6 6 0.7 kg less after 1 y and 5.2 6 0.7 kg less after 2 y, whereas the DSE group did not change significantly (20.4 6 0.6 and 21.0 6 0.7 kg after 1 and 2 y, respectively; P-interaction , 0.001). Total SM decreased in both groups during year 1 (21.4 6 0.2 kg; P , 0.001) with appendicular SM regained during year 2. Liver and spleen masses decreased in the ILI group (20.12 6 0.02 and 20.006 6 0.003 kg, respectively) but were unchanged in the DSE group (0.00 6 0.02 and 0.004 6 0.003 kg, respectively). Kidney mass decreased by 0.013 6 0.003 kg (P , 0.001) over 2 y in both groups. Conclusions: Decreases in liver (in Caucasians but not African Americans) and spleen were detected after a 6.2-kg weight reduction compared with a control group. SM and kidney mass decreased in both groups. Appendicular SM was regained during the second year whereas trunk SM was not. No evidence of a disproportionate loss of high-metabolic rate organs (heart, liver, kidney, spleen) compared with SM was found.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:78-84.

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“…For many decades the researchers of age changes in energy metabolism have been paying attention to reduction in the rate of exchange processes in rest with age. It was attempted to be explained by smaller relative surface of the body (Rubner, 1883), growth of relative muscular mass value (Arshavskii, 1967), lower relative mass of internal organs with a high rate of oxidizing metabolism (Holliday, 1971;Javed et al, 2010;Kornienko, 1979;Wang et al, 2010). But now we think that the most important age redevelopment is the combined reduction of basal and increased maximum energy expenditure (including expenditure pursuant to anaerobic ways to transform energy with realization of the intense muscle activity), which results in the considerable development of a functional range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism in Children and Adolescents

Сонькин¹,

Тамбовцева²

2012

Bioenergetics

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Brain and high metabolic rate organ mass: contributions to resting energy expenditure beyond fat-free mass

Abstract: Relatively small interindividual variation in HMRO mass significantly affects REE and reduces the role of age, race, and sex in explaining REE. Decreases in REE with increasing age may be partly related to age-associated changes in the relative size of FFM components.

Cited by 124 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of endogenous and exogenous insulin on basal energy expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes under standard treatment

Impact of endogenous and exogenous insulin on basal energy expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes under standard treatment

Changes in skeletal muscle and organ size after a weight-loss intervention in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients

Energy Metabolism in Children and Adolescents

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