Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making

Ohira, Hideki; Ichikawa, Naho; Nomura, Michio; Isowa, Tokiko; Kimura, Kenta; Kanayama, Noriaki; Fukuyama, Seisuke; Shinoda, Jun; Yamada, Jitsuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.060

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…We used meaningless pictures (Endo, Saiki, Nakao, & Saito, 2003) as visual stimuli. These pictures have been used in previous probabilistic learning studies (Ohira et al, 2009;Ohira et al, 2010). The task consisted of separate training and test phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of depression on reward-based decision making and variability of action in probabilistic learning

Kunisato

Okamoto

Ueda

et al. 2012

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of depression on reward-based decision making and variability of action in probabilistic learning

Kunisato

Okamoto

Ueda

et al. 2012

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…Thus, the situation was substantially stochastic and participants could not learn the contingency. One merit of utilization of this dataset is that involvement of brain regions which are well known to relate to decision-making, including the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, and dorsolateral cortices (ACC, OFC, and DLPFC, respectively) and dorsal striatum, during the stochastic decision-making task has been clarified and published elsewhere (Ohira et al, 2009, 2010). Compared with the contingent-reward condition, the OFC, DLPFC, and dorsal striatum were dominantly activated in the random-reward condition, where participants had to continue to seek contingency between options and outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and sympathetic activity associated with exploration in decision-making: further evidence for involvement of insula

Ohira

Ichikawa

Kimura

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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We previously reported that sympathetic activity was associated with exploration in decision-making indexed by entropy, which is a concept in information theory and indexes randomness of choices or the degree of deviation from sticking to recent experiences of gains and losses, and that activation of the anterior insula mediated this association. The current study aims to replicate and to expand these findings in a situation where contingency between options and outcomes is manipulated. Sixteen participants performed a stochastic decision-making task in which we manipulated a condition with low uncertainty of gain/loss (contingent-reward condition) and a condition with high uncertainty of gain/loss (random-reward condition). Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET), and cardiovascular parameters and catecholamine in the peripheral blood were measured, during the task. In the contingent-reward condition, norepinephrine as an index of sympathetic activity was positively correlated with entropy indicating exploration in decision-making. Norepinephrine was negatively correlated with neural activity in the right posterior insula, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsal pons, suggesting neural bases for detecting changes of bodily states. Furthermore, right anterior insular activity was negatively correlated with entropy, suggesting influences on exploration in decision-making. By contrast, in the random-reward condition, entropy correlated with activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices but not with sympathetic activity. These findings suggest that influences of sympathetic activity on exploration in decision-making and its underlying neural mechanisms might be dependent on the degree of uncertainty of situations.

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“…[11] Neural processing during risk analysis and risk-taking is associated with increased neuroimaging signals in the insula and anterior cingulate gyrus. [12] Different parts of the pre-frontal cortex are associated with cognitive focusing on objective risk. Different parts of the brain 'light up' under magnetic resonance imaging studies when risk-averse individuals are compared with risk-seeking individuals, at least in research undertaken to study risk behaviour in the context of financial decisions.…”

Section: Absolute Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting genetic risks

Pearn

2016

S Afr Med J

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Brain and autonomic association accompanying stochastic decision-making

Cited by 47 publications

References 87 publications

Effects of depression on reward-based decision making and variability of action in probabilistic learning

Effects of depression on reward-based decision making and variability of action in probabilistic learning

Neural and sympathetic activity associated with exploration in decision-making: further evidence for involvement of insula

Interpreting genetic risks

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