Brain activity correlates differentially with increasing temporal complexity of rhythms during initialisation, synchronisation, and continuation phases of paced finger tapping

Lewis, Penelope A.; Wing, Alan M.; Pope, Paul A.; Praamstra, Peter; Miall, R. Chris

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.03.001

Cited by 201 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, we observed no reliable activity for conditions where responses were separated by alternating compared with equal intervals-there was no main effect of alternating interval. Other imaging studies have reported reliable activation of a number of structures including BG and cerebellum in a comparison of alternating and equal interval production in an evaluation of learning (Doyon et al, 2003) and in a parametric analysis of rhythm complexity in well-learned performance (Lewis et al, 2004). However, in the former, the differential subcortical activation dissipated in well-practiced performance and in the latter, parametric subcortical activation effects were limited to initial preparation and synchronization phases of each trial and were not present during unpaced responding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In previous timing studies, the possibility of differential difficulty across conditions has been an issue because observed effects might be attributed to processes responsible for allocation of attention rather than to greater involvement of the process itself. For instance, Lewis et al (2004) noted increased fronto-parietal involvement with more complex rhythms and this could have reflected either greater demands on brain regions responsible for timing or increased demand on attentional circuits. However, in the present study, it seems less likely that the subcortical foci of activation associated with alternation of force but not interval should be identified with attention control and we therefore suppose the activated regions directly reflect the control of force.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, activation measures were taken in unpaced responding. Extrapolating from our earlier study (Lewis et al, 2004) which did not control force, we expected that while alternating force levels might activate basal ganglia compared to equal force conditions, there would be no differential activation for alternating response intervals compared to equal interval conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A few of these included patterned variation of inter-response intervals to investigate structures involved in rhythm (Penhune et al, 1998;Lewis et al, 2004), but no study that we are aware of has manipulated force as part of rhythm. In practiced performance, parametric variation in rhythm complexity (defined by the number of different intervals) related to activation levels in cerebellum, BG, and also to cortical regions, but only in the initial synchronization phase of each trial and not during unpaced responding (Lewis et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force related activations in rhythmic sequence production

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force related activations in rhythmic sequence production

et al. 2005

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“…In that case, any perceived difficulty due to planning would not transfer to tapping behavior. A recent study by Lewis et al (2004) supports this interpretation as initiation, synchronization, and continuation were found to be affected in different ways during the performance of tasks with different degrees of difficulty. On the other hand, because our subjects had no musical training, it is possible that they were not able to make on-line corrections during their performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Tapping with intentional drift

2008

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When tapping a desired frequency, subjects tend to drift away from this target frequency. This compromises the estimate of the correlation between inter-tap intervals (ITIs) as predicted by the two-level model of Wing and Kristofferson which consists of an internal timer ('clock') and motor delays. Whereas previous studies on the timing of rhythmic tapping attempted to eliminate drift, we compared the production of three constant frequencies (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Hz) to the production of tapping sequences with a linearly decreasing inter-tap interval (ITI) (corresponding to an increase in tapping frequency from 1.5 to 2.5 Hz). For all conditions a synchronization-continuation paradigm was used. Tapping forces and electromyograms of the index-finger flexor and extensor were recorded and ITIs were derived yielding interval variability and model parameters, i.e., clock and motor variances. Electromyographic recordings served to study the influence of tapping frequency on the peripheral part of the tap event. The condition with an increasing frequency was more difficult to perform, as evidenced by an increase in deviation from the intended ITIs. In general, tapping frequency affected force level, inter-tap variability, model parameters, and muscle co-activation. Parameters for the condition with a decreasing ITI were comparable to those found in the constant frequency conditions. That is, although tapping with an intentional drift is different from constant tapping and more difficult to perform, the timing properties of both forms of tapping are remarkably similar and described well by the Wing and Kristofferson model.

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Functional connectivity of the striatum in experts of stenography

2015

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IntroductionStenography, or shorthand, is a unique set of skills that involves intensive training which is nearly life-long and orchestrating various brain functional modules, including auditory, linguistic, cognitive, mnemonic, and motor. Stenography provides cognitive neuroscientists with a unique opportunity to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity that enables such a high degree of expertise. However, shorthand is quickly being replaced with voice recognition technology. We took this nearly final opportunity to scan the brains of the last alive shorthand experts of the Japanese language.MethodsThirteen right-handed stenographers and fourteen right-handed controls participated in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.ResultsThe fMRI data revealed plastic reorganization of the neural circuits around the putamen. The acquisition of expert skills was accompanied by structural and functional changes in the area. The posterior putamen is known as the execution center of acquired sensorimotor skills. Compared to nonexperts, the posterior putamen in stenographers had high covariation with the cerebellum and midbrain.The stenographers' brain developed different neural circuits from those of the nonexpert brain.ConclusionsThe current data illustrate the vigorous plasticity in the putamen and in its connectivity to other relevant areas in the expert brain. This is a case of vigorous neural plastic reorganization in response to massive overtraining, which is rare especially considering that it occurred in adulthood.

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Brain activity correlates differentially with increasing temporal complexity of rhythms during initialisation, synchronisation, and continuation phases of paced finger tapping

Cited by 201 publications

References 35 publications

Force related activations in rhythmic sequence production

Force related activations in rhythmic sequence production

Tapping with intentional drift

Functional connectivity of the striatum in experts of stenography

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