Brain Activation Measured With fMRI During a Mental Arithmetic Task in Schizophrenia and Major Depression

Hugdahl, Kenneth; Rund, Bjørn Rishovd; Lund, Anders; Asbjørnsen, Arve; Egeland, Jens; Ersland, Lars; Landrø, Nils Inge; Roness, Atle; Stordal, Kirsten Irene; Sundet, Kjetil; Thomsen, Tormod

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.286

Cited by 142 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Past studies have suggested that when clinical populations (e.g. schizophrenia) are unable to behaviorally execute tasks, patterns of brain activation may represent compensatory mechanisms when they fail to successfully recruit brain regions necessary for cognitive tasks (Hugdahl et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Processing in Schizophrenia: Effects of Task-Difficulty on Behavioral Discrimination and Neuronal Responses

Davalos¹,

Rojas²,

Tregellas³

2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Processing in Schizophrenia: Effects of Task-Difficulty on Behavioral Discrimination and Neuronal Responses

Davalos¹,

Rojas²,

Tregellas³

2008

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Investigation of the relationship between affective symptoms and brain activation is one approach to understanding the underlying nature of affective symptoms in more depth. Many brain activation studies using a combination of brain images and cognitive tasks have helped reveal the neural basis of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) (Harvey et al, 2005;Hugdahl et al, 2004;Pu et al, 2008). Interestingly, most studies using a phonemic verbal fluency task (e.g., producing words that begin with a particular letter) showed hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex in patients with MDD (Audenaert et al, 2002;Matsuo et al, 2002;E.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Sub-Threshold Affective Symptoms and Prefrontal Activation in Non-Clinical Population―An NIRS Study

Fujimaki¹,

Takemoto²,

Morinobu³

2014

PSYCH

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Only a few studies have examined the relationship between self-assessment of affective symptoms and brain activation in a non-clinical population. The aim of the present study was to assess this relationship and examine the underlying cortical mechanisms in a non-clinical population. Seventy-nine healthy volunteers were assessed for affective symptoms using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), for apathy using the Apathy Scale (AS), and for feelings of stress using the Stress Arousal Checklist (SACL). Participants also performed a serial arithmetic task according to the Uchida-Kraepelin performance test while hemoglobin concentration changes were assessed on the surface of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using 32-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The activity on the right side of PFC had a significant negative correlation with the SDS score. The AS and SACL scores were positively correlated with the SDS score. Furthermore, in a multiple regression analysis, SDS scores were predicted by the activity of the right PFC, AS scores, and SACL scores. These results suggest that the association between the cortical activation changes, apathy, and feelings of stress may objectively identify individuals with sub-threshold affective symptoms.

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“…23,24 In contrast, MDD patients show abnormal activation patterns marked by more pronounced activation on the left prefrontal cortex and the cingulate cortex during working memory tasks. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] However, all results are not consistent. Some studies suggest that patients with mood disorders show greater activation, 25,31 less activation [26][27][28] or no difference in activation within the regions of interest compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] However, all results are not consistent. Some studies suggest that patients with mood disorders show greater activation, 25,31 less activation [26][27][28] or no difference in activation within the regions of interest compared to healthy controls. 29,30 A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of MDD patients during an n-back task showed significantly lower activation in bilateral thalamus, right precentral gyrus and right parietal cortex compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 A problem with some available studies that may explain such discrepancies is that they included patients with both MDD and bipolar disorders, 26,29 and some included medicated patients. 25,[27][28][29][30][31] In this report, we describe the results of an fMRI study designed to compare the brain activity patterns elicited by a working memory task in a sample of unmedicated recurrent patients with MDD and a wellmatched sample of healthy comparison subjects. The results support our hypothesis that MDD patients show hyperactivation of the prefrontal cortex and ACC during working memory load compared to healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

et al. 2006

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The prefrontal cortex, a part of the limbic-thalamic-cortical network, participates in regulation of mood, cognition and behavior and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Many neuropsychological studies demonstrate impairment of working memory in patients with MDD. However, there are few functional neuroimaging studies of MDD patients during working memory processing, and most of the available ones included medicated patients or patients with both MDD and bipolar disorder. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure prefrontal cortex function during working memory processing in untreated depressed patients with MDD. Fifteen untreated individuals with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition recurrent MDD (mean age7s.d. = 34.3711.5 years) and 15 healthy comparison subjects (37.7712.1 years) matched for age, sex and race were studied using a GE/Elscint 2T MR system. An echo-planar MRI sequence was used to acquire 24 axial slices. The n-back task (0-back, 1-back and 2-back) was used to elicit frontal cortex activation. Data were analyzed with a multiple regression analysis using the FSL-FEAT software. MDD patients showed significantly greater left dorsolateral cortex activation during the n-back task compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.01), although task performance was similar in the two groups. Furthermore, the patients showed significant anterior cingulate cortex activation during the task, but the comparison subjects did not (P < 0.01). This study provides in vivo imaging evidence of abnormal frontolimbic circuit function during working memory processing in individuals with MDD.

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Brain Activation Measured With fMRI During a Mental Arithmetic Task in Schizophrenia and Major Depression

Cited by 142 publications

References 31 publications

Temporal Processing in Schizophrenia: Effects of Task-Difficulty on Behavioral Discrimination and Neuronal Responses

Temporal Processing in Schizophrenia: Effects of Task-Difficulty on Behavioral Discrimination and Neuronal Responses

Association between Sub-Threshold Affective Symptoms and Prefrontal Activation in Non-Clinical Population―An NIRS Study

Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

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