Brain abscess caused by Nocardia nova

Hashimoto, Mizuki; Johkura, Ken; Ichikawa, Teruo; Shinonaga, Masamichi

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2007.04.019

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We note that all MGH patients and approximately half of the reviewed cases 4 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 54 , 60 , 64 , 67 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 80 – 84 , 86 , 93 , 97 , 98 – 101 , 107 – 110 , 112 , 113 were on corticosteroids, which are known to impair lymphocyte activation, 61 at the time of their diagnosis with CNS nocardiosis. High-dose corticosteroids for long periods of time are regarded as a predisposing factor for the development of nocardiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The comorbidities of the 84 reported cases of CNS nocardiosis 1 – 5 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 17 , 20 – 24 , 26 , 27 , 30 – 38 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 50 – 55 , 57 , 60 , 63 – 65 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 73 – 84 , 86 , 87 , 93 , 94 , 96 – 101 , 104 , 107 – 110 , 112 , 113 are summarized in Table 2 . The mean age of the patients was 50.9 years (range, 7–77 yr).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nocardiosis of the Central Nervous System

et al. 2014

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Central nervous system (CNS) nocardiosis is a rare disease entity caused by the filamentous bacteria Nocardia species. We present a case series of 5 patients from our hospital and a review of the cases of CNS nocardiosis reported in the literature from January 2000 to December 2011. Our results indicate that CNS nocardiosis can occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals and can be the result of prior pulmonary infection or can exist on its own. The most common predisposing factors are corticosteroid use (54% of patients) and organ transplantation (25%). Presentation of the disease is widely variable, and available diagnostic tests are far from perfect, often leading to delayed detection and initiation of treatment. The optimal therapeutic approach is still undetermined and depends on speciation, but lower mortality and relapse rates have been reported with a combination of targeted antimicrobial treatment including trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for more than 6 months and neurosurgical intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardiosis of the Central Nervous System

et al. 2014

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“…Table 1 demonstrates that 10 (59%) of 17 cases of nocardial brain abscesses showed true restricted diffusion, i.e., hyperintensity on DWI and low signal on ADC maps. 1,6,11,21,27,32,36,39,41,42,46,47,[51][52][53][54] High signal intensity on DWI with low ADC values for cerebral abscesses was first reported by Ebisu et al, 15 with many subsequent studies reporting similar findings. 18,20 In a meta-analysis Xu et al 50 found that DWI had a high sensitivity (0.95) and specificity (0.94) for differentiating brain abscesses from other cystic brain masses, showing it is a reliable method in detecting pyogenic brain abscesses.…”

Section: The Role Of Neuroimaging In Brain Abscessesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nocardia amikacinitolerans and cytomegalovirus: distinctive clinical and radiological characterization of the rare etiologies of brain abscesses: report of 2 cases

Quinoa¹,

Jumah²,

Narayan³

et al. 2019

Neurosurgical Focus

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Central nervous system infections in immunosuppressed patients are rare but potentially lethal complications that require swift diagnoses and intervention. While the differential diagnosis for new lesions on neuroradiological imaging of immunosuppressed patients typically includes infections and neoplasms, image-based heuristics to differentiate the two has been shown to have variable reliability.The authors describe 2 rare CNS infections in immunocompromised patients with atypical physical and radiological presentations. In the first case, a 59-year-old man, who had recently undergone a renal transplantation, was found to have multifocal Nocardia amikacinitolerans abscesses masquerading as neoplasms on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI); in the second case, a 33-year-old man with suspected recurrent Hodgkin’s lymphoma was found to have a nonpyogenic abscess with cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis.As per review of the literature, this appears to be the first case of brain abscess caused by N. amikacinitolerans, a recently isolated superbug. Despite confirmation through brain biopsy later on in case 1, the initial radiological appearance was atypical, showing subtle diffusion restriction on DWI. Similarly, the authors present a case of CMV encephalitis that presented as a ring-enhancing lesion, which is extremely rare. Both cases draw attention to the reliability of neuroimaging in differentiating an abscess from a neoplasm.

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“…While other nocardial diseases occur in immunocompromised patients, cutaneous nocardiosis usually develop in immunocompetent patients. Besides pulmonary and cutaneous nocardiosis, nocardial infections in the central nervous system, brains, eyes and heart valves by hematogenous dissemination were also reported (Watson et al, 2001;Ntziora and Falagas, 2007;Hashimoto et al, 2008;Dehghani and Davarpanah, 2009;Lalitha et al, 2012). The manifestations, symptoms, diagnosis and treatments of nocardiosis have been elaborated in detail in many articles (Brown-Elliott et al, 2006;Minero et al, 2009;Ambrosioni et al, 2010;Wilson, 2012).…”

Section: Clinical Relevance Of Nocardiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversity ofNocardiain metabolism

Luo

Hiessl

Steinbüchel

2013

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryBacteria affiliated in the genus Nocardia are aerobic and Gram-positive actinomycetes that are widely found in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. As occasional pathogens, several of them cause infection diseases called 'nocardiosis' affecting lungs, central nervous system, cutaneous tissues and others. In addition, members of the genus Nocardia exhibit an enormous metabolic versatility. On one side, many secondary metabolites have been isolated from members of this genus that exhibit various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidative and immunosuppressive activities. On the other side, many species are capable of degrading or converting aliphatic and aromatic toxic hydrocarbons, natural or synthetic polymers, and other widespread environmental pollutants. Because of these valuable properties and the application potential, Nocardia species have attracted much interest in academia and industry in recent years. A solid basis of genetic tools including a set of shuttle vectors and an efficient electroporation method for further genetic and metabolic engineering studies has been established to conduct efficient research. Associated with the increasing data of nocardial genome sequences, the functional diversity of Nocardia will be much faster and better understood.

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Brain abscess caused by Nocardia nova

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Nocardiosis of the Central Nervous System

Nocardiosis of the Central Nervous System

Nocardia amikacinitolerans and cytomegalovirus: distinctive clinical and radiological characterization of the rare etiologies of brain abscesses: report of 2 cases

Functional diversity ofNocardiain metabolism

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