Bragg Grating-Based Fiber-Optic Laser Probe for Temperature Sensing

Mandal, Jharna; Pal, Saurabh; Sun, Tao; Grattan, Kenneth T. V.; Augousti, A.T.; Wade, Scott A

doi:10.1109/lpt.2003.820099

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Laser are employed for variety of applications such as bar code scanners [5], sensing [6,7], heat treatment [8-10], surface engineering [11,12], and machining of various materials [2]. In the medical field, they have been used for various surgeries in the fields including dentistry, opthalmology, and orthopedics.…”

Section: Laser Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-conventional and Hybrid Methods of Bone Machining

Dahotre

Joshi

2016

Machining of Bone and Hard Tissues

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Having explored the basics of important fundamental contact (mechanical) and noncontact (thermal) operations involved in machining of the bones, the discussion will proceed towards some of the non-conventional techniques. These techniques have evolved as a result of research works on interaction of bones with various energy sources such as photon/electron beam and mechanical vibrations. Hybrids of fundamentals operations of machining have also been taken into account. Laser, microwave, and ion-beam based methods have been discussed under beam based techniques. Ultrasonic machining which has been extensively explored for bone application has been dealt in a separate section. Pneumatic and hydraulic machining have been taken into account under the section on hybrid machining. These nonconventional/hybrid techniques are not as popular as conventional ones but hold a huge potential for the future. High Energy Beam Based TechniquesThe high energy beam based methods employ some sort of radiation as the means of energy source for removal of the bone material. These techniques have mostly been employed previously in case of the structural materials. Unlike conventional mechanical contact methods employing physical tools which result in generation of heat as the secondary effect, beam based techniques employ heat as the primary means of tooling. The heat is generated by means of various electromagnetic waves within the electromagnetic spectrum such as ultraviolet, microwave, and infrared with various combinations for ranges of energy and wavelength ( Fig. 3.1). As the combinations dictate the extent and mode of interaction of the energy source with the workpiece, any machining operation can be carried out with careful process control. Most common methods explored in this category include laser, ion-beam, and microwave machining which are discussed in detail in the following subsections. Laser MachiningLasers (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) have been used as a means of machining for quite some time now. Theoretically any wavelength within the electromagnetic spectrum can be made into a laser source. Principally, a lasing medium is excited using a energy source such as inert gas flash lamp. The input of energy (Fig. 3.2a) transfers the electrons within the atoms of the medium to higher energy state, technically termed as population inversion. On the other hand, the random absorption of energy gives rise to spontaneous emission (Fig. 3.2b). In case of population inversion, these electrons jump to lower energy state at the same time emitting photons of the same energy corresponding to difference between ground and excited state (Fig. 3.2c). A set of two mirrors, some times called resonators, one totally and the other partially reflecting, generates the chain reaction giving rise to highly concentrated beam coming out of the partially reflecting mirror (Fig. 3.3). This beam is monochromatic, coherent, and highly collimated in nature and can be employed for various applications depending on the wavele...

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Section: Laser Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-conventional and Hybrid Methods of Bone Machining

Dahotre

Joshi

2016

Machining of Bone and Hard Tissues

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“…Murphy et al [8] have reported a silica fiber extrinsic Fabry-Pérot (FP) strain sensor to measure temperatures up to 975 • C. Alavie et al [9] have reported a serial multiplexed sensor system where each laser cavity was formed using an FBG and a broadband mirror, measuring the temperature from 20 • C to 160 • C. Kaddu et al [10] have reported multiplexed optical fiber FP sensor systems to measure temperature and strain over the ranges from 20 • C to 70 • C and from 0 to 400 µε, respectively. Peng et al [11] have reported an FBGbased temperature sensor system using a fiber laser to measure temperature over the range from 0 to 40 • C. A Raman fiber laser probe has also been developed [12] for long-distance remote temperature sensing applications, typically reported for use over the temperature range from 30 to 100 • C. Recently, fiber laser-based sensor systems have been developed to measure temperatures up to 500 • C in a single cavity configuration using a chirped FBG (CFBG) and a normal FBG in [13] and [14]. Additionally, some of the commercial manufacturing technologies are also available for temperature measurement applications [15], [16].…”

Section: A Parallel Multiplexed Temperature Sensor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Parallel Multiplexed Temperature Sensor System Using Bragg-Grating-Based Fiber Lasers

Mandal

Sun²,

Grattan³

et al. 2006

IEEE Sensors J.

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A parallel multiplexed temperature sensor scheme using a Bragg grating-based fiber laser approach has been developed and evaluated. Multiple laser cavities were formed as the active gain media of the system using a common broadband chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) and several normal FBGs, which were used as optical feedback elements, in conjunction with different lengths of erbium-doped fibers (EDFs). These gain media were externally pumped by light from a 1480-nm laser diode (LD) through a 1480-nm 1 × 4 splitter. Normal FBGs were used as the wavelength-selective and sensing elements of the laser system. Simultaneous laser action at three different wavelengths corresponding to channels 1, 3, and 4, respectively, was obtained using this scheme. The temperature was measured over the range from room temperature (27 • C) to a maximum of 540 • C, which shows the potential of the scheme for quasi-distributed sensor applications.Index Terms-Chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG), erbiumdoped fiber (EDF), fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), fiber laser temperature sensor, multiplexed sensor interrogation.

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“…Commercially, available fiber optic temperature sensors often use a semiconductor-chip, which has an absorption edge that moves with the temperature [5,6]. Other sensors utilize Bragg gratings [7][8][9] or the temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity of certain materials [10] to measure the temperature. Another way is to analyze the Raman scattering in a glass fiber [11] or to analyze the temperature with a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) [12,13] or with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [14] integrated into an optic fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fiber optic temperature sensor based on the combination of epoxy and glass particles with different thermo-optic coefficients

Wildner

Drummer

2016

Photonic Sens

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This paper describes the development and function of an optical fiber temperature sensor made out of a compound of epoxy and optical glass particles. Because of the different thermo-optic coefficients of these materials, this compound exhibits a strong wavelength and temperature dependent optical transmission, and it therefore can be employed for fiber optic temperature measurements. The temperature at the sensor, which is integrated into a polymer optical fiber (POF), is evaluated by the ratio of the transmitted intensity of two different light-emitting diodes (LED) with a wavelength of 460 nm and 650 nm. The material characterization and influences of different sensor lengths and two particle sizes on the measurement result are discussed. The temperature dependency of the transmission increases with smaller particles and with increasing sensor length. With glass particles with a diameter of 43 µm and a sensor length of 9.8 mm, the intensity ratio of the two LEDs decreases by 60% within a temperature change from 10℃ to 40℃.

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Bragg Grating-Based Fiber-Optic Laser Probe for Temperature Sensing

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Non-conventional and Hybrid Methods of Bone Machining

Non-conventional and Hybrid Methods of Bone Machining

A Parallel Multiplexed Temperature Sensor System Using Bragg-Grating-Based Fiber Lasers

A fiber optic temperature sensor based on the combination of epoxy and glass particles with different thermo-optic coefficients

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