Bradycardia Induced Ventricular Fibrillation With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

“…POCUS can assist in distinguishing SIPE from other concomitant and co-existing conditions (7), whereas NPPV/CPAP may help treat those with initial low oxygen saturation or those not responding rapidly to supportive measures (11). Nonetheless, no medications have been studied to prevent or treat SIPE in the prehospital setting (12) and further research is needed.…”

“…There is currently no evidence to support the use of PDE-5 inhibitors in reducing the likelihood of SIPE for athletes (4). Salt tablets also have been discussed; according to the ACC, ingestion of salt tablets is discouraged during preevent hydration and the evidence is poor as it would increase myocardial preload, therefore increasing the probability of SIPE (12).…”

“…In addition, there are anecdotal reports on the use of phosphodiesterase antagonist PDE-5 inhibitors, such as Sildenafil, that may reduce mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) during cold water immersion in volunteers. However, data showed only PAP to be reduced by Sildenafil, but mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was not reduced (12). A significant limitation of this study is the immersion time of only 6 min and the small sample size.…”