Bracketing sustainability: Carbon footprinting March Madness to rethink sustainable tourism approaches and measurements

Cooper, J. A.; McCullough, Brian P.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128475

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Given the importance of focusing events' environmental campaigns on reducing the environmental impact of transportation (Boggia et al, 2018;Chirieleison & Scrucca, 2017), particularly on sporting events (Edwards et al, 2016, Cooper & McCullough, 2021, this investigation studied spectator intentions to use sustainable transportation during an international surfing event. The findings revealed that spectators who are guided by self-actualisation needs are also guided by universal values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding spectator sustainable transportation intentions in international sport tourism events

Martins

Pereira

Rosado

et al. 2021

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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It is vital to study spectator responses to environmental campaigns to advance environmental sustainability initiatives. Therefore, this investigation aimed to identify which factors influence spectator sustainable transport intentions and perform a spectator segmentation based on their responses. Data were collected from 355 spectators at an international surfing event hosted in a renowned surfing destination. The data were analysed in two stages. First, through the sport sustainability campaign evaluation model to infer spectator sustainable transport intentions. Second, through non-hierarchical cluster analysis, to segment the sample based on those intentions. The results added a direct relationship between the points of attachment and sustainable transport intentions. Furthermore, the results highlighted the effect of constraints, points of attachment and past sustainable behaviours as predictors of spectator sustainable transport intentions. In addition, differences in needs (i.e., aesthetic), attachment to the community, lack of time, lack of access and past sustainable behaviours were found within the three analysed clusters. Organisers of sport tourism events should develop sustainable transport campaigns promoting the destination's aesthetic features, strengthening the connection between the local community and the event spectators, and improving the availability of information on transport services to increase spectator commitment to more sustainable modes of transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding spectator sustainable transportation intentions in international sport tourism events

Martins

Pereira

Rosado

et al. 2021

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The technique of carbon footprinting has been widely employed for the calculation of GHG emissions from the agricultural productions (Cooper et al, 2021). The phrase "carbon footprint" represents the amount of GHG produced by a variety of activities and goods.…”

Section: Ghgs Emissions Reduction and Neutral Carbon Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable biochar: A facile strategy for soil and environmental restoration, energy generation, mitigation of global climate change and circular bioeconomy

et al. 2022

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“…The average carbon footprint of sport spectators varied from 7.67 kg CO 2 -e for spectators of the 2003/2004 FA Cup final [21], over 20.2 kg CO 2 -e for spectators of the 2004 Wales Rally [30], to 50.5 kg CO 2 -e for spectators of the UK stages of the 2007 Tour de France [31]. More recently, Cooper [12] estimated the emissions of football game day tourism of the University of Tennessee in the seasons 2015 to 2018, with total emissions per home game varying between 4719.9 t CO 2 -e and 6947.5 t CO 2 -e. For the 2019 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's basketball tournament, called March Madness, researchers calculated emissions of about 500 kg per participant, with 80% coming from travel behavior [32]. However, the calculations of the latter two studies included not only travel behavior but also overnight stays, food consumption, waste disposal, and stadium usage [12,32].…”

Section: Pro-environmental Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Cooper [12] estimated the emissions of football game day tourism of the University of Tennessee in the seasons 2015 to 2018, with total emissions per home game varying between 4719.9 t CO 2 -e and 6947.5 t CO 2 -e. For the 2019 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's basketball tournament, called March Madness, researchers calculated emissions of about 500 kg per participant, with 80% coming from travel behavior [32]. However, the calculations of the latter two studies included not only travel behavior but also overnight stays, food consumption, waste disposal, and stadium usage [12,32]. In European football, Loewen and Wicker [13] estimated a season carbon footprint of a Bundesliga fan of 311.1 kg CO 2 -e. Finally, the average carbon footprint of spectators in eight semi-professional leagues in English football in the season 2012/2013 was 4.7 kg CO 2 -e [33].…”

Section: Pro-environmental Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Stadium Travel and Subjective Well-Being of Football Spectators

2022

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In the context of leisure travel in sport, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals to promote public health and combat climate change may be addressed simultaneously. This study investigates football spectators’ carbon footprint that is generated from traveling to the stadium. It also examines the effects of stadium travel and everyday pro-environmental behavior on spectators’ subjective well-being. The study uses data that were gathered from an online survey in Germany in 2021 (n = 1605). For a detailed carbon footprint assessment, spectators were allowed to indicate multiple transportation means if they switched them during their stadium journey. Seemingly unrelated regression models were calculated to examine the effect of transportation behavior (i.e., stadium travel) and everyday recycling, consumption, and energy-saving behavior on life satisfaction and happiness. Traveling to a home game caused an average carbon footprint of 7.79 kg CO2-e per spectator, or 190.4 tons CO2-e for all home game spectators. Regression results showed that sustainable consumption increased both well-being measures while recycling behavior only positively contributed to happiness. Stadium travel and energy-saving behavior showed no significant effect. These findings implicate that achieving both sustainable development goals can go hand in hand in some contexts of pro-environmental behavior, but not in all dimensions.

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Bracketing sustainability: Carbon footprinting March Madness to rethink sustainable tourism approaches and measurements

Cited by 39 publications

References 62 publications

Understanding spectator sustainable transportation intentions in international sport tourism events

Understanding spectator sustainable transportation intentions in international sport tourism events

Sustainable biochar: A facile strategy for soil and environmental restoration, energy generation, mitigation of global climate change and circular bioeconomy

Stadium Travel and Subjective Well-Being of Football Spectators

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