Brachytic2 mutation is able to counteract the main pleiotropic effects of brown midrib3 mutant in maize

Landoni, M.; Cassani, E.; Ghidoli, Martina; Colombo, Federico; Sangiorgio, Stefano; Papa, Gabriella; Adani, Fabrizio; Pilu, Roberto

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06428-9

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In both the backgrounds, lpa1-1 showed a reduced stature compared to the wild-type (Figs. 3,4A,B), confirming that the shortening of the internodes could be caused by an alteration in the auxin polar transport, as occurs in other known maize mutants, such as brachytic 2 (br2) and brevis plant1 (bv1) [43][44][45]. For grain yield estimation, different parameters were measured at harvesting and lpa1-1 surprisingly showed equal or superior performance to the inbred line B73 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Potential of Low Phytic Acid1-1 Mutant in Maize (Zea mays L.): A Sustainable Solution to Non-Renewable Phosphorus

Colombo¹,

Sangiorgio²,

Abruzzese³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Background: Phosphorus is an essential component of fertilizers and feed and in recent decades has become one of the main sustainability issues as a non-renewable resource. In plant seeds, the main reserve of phosphorus is phytic acid, a strong anti-nutritional factor for monogastrics and a pollutant of cultivated lands. The reduction of phytic acid in cereal seeds has become a major challenge in breeding programs to increase the nutritional quality of foods and feeds and to improve the environmental phosphorus sustainability in agriculture. In maize (Zea mays L.), four low phytic acid (lpa) mutations have been isolated and lpa1-1 is the most promising. However, the reduction of phytic acid in lpa1-1 leads to many adverse pleiotropic effects on the seed and in general on plant performance. A seed weight reduction and a consequent yield loss were previously described in this mutant. Method: In this work, a field experiment to study seed weight and yield was conducted for two years in two different genetic backgrounds (B73 and B73/Mo17). Furthermore, the greater susceptibility of lpa1-1 to drought stress was also investigated: a dedicated field experiment was set up and measurements were carried out under optimal water conditions and moderate drought stress. Results: From the first experiment it emerges that under high-input conditions, lpa1-1 seems to have comparable or even better yield than the relative control. The main problem of this mutant remains the reduced field emergence (~40%). In the study of drought stress it was found that the increased sensitivity in the mutant is mainly caused by an altered stomatal regulation, but not by a less developed root system, as previously reported. When the stress occurred, the parameters measured did not significantly change in the wild-type, while they dropped in the mutant: the net photosynthesis decreased by 58%, the transpiration rate by 63% and the stomatal conductance by 67%. Conclusions: Some possible solutions have been proposed, with the aim of developing a commercial variety, which remains the main goal to exploit the nutritional benefits of low phytic acid mutants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Potential of Low Phytic Acid1-1 Mutant in Maize (Zea mays L.): A Sustainable Solution to Non-Renewable Phosphorus

Colombo¹,

Sangiorgio²,

Abruzzese³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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“…This is partially caused by the differences in the internal structure of rice and corn grains and the resulting susceptibility to impact and shear loads, as well as the ratio between the grain size and the working gap and the size of holes, which determines the grinding and the flow of material between the mill discs. In previous studies, it was shown that hard biological materials need higher energy input in comminution than soft ones [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. An increase in vitrousness and moisture content leads to an increase in force and energy demand in the process of grain comminution [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice and corn play a significant role in the agricultural and food sector [ 33 , 34 ]. These are currently the most widely used grains by many worldwide industries [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. It is estimated that rice and its products are the staple food for more than 1/3 of the global population [ 33 ], while corn occupies the largest area among all arable crops [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Dependent Particle Size Distribution Models for Multi-Disc Mill

et al. 2022

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Comminution is important in the processing of biological materials, such as cereal grains, wood biomass, and food waste. The most popular biomaterial grinders are hammer and roller mills. However, the grinders with great potential in the processing of biomass are mills that use cutting, e.g., disc mills. When it comes to single-disc and multi-disc grinders, there are not many studies describing the relationships between energy, motion, material, and processing or describing the effect of grinding, meaning the size distribution of a product. The relationship between the energy and size reduction ratio of disc-type grinder designs has also not been sufficiently explored. The purpose of this paper was to develop models for the particle size distribution of the ground product in multi-disc mills depending on the variable process parameters, i.e., disc rotational velocity and, consequently, power consumption, and the relationship between the grinding energy and the shape of graining curves, which would help predict the product size reduction ratio for these machines. The experiment was performed using a five-disc mill, assuming the angular velocity of the grinder discs was variable. Power consumption, product particle size, and specific comminution energy were recorded during the tests. The Rosin–Rammler–Sperling–Bennet (RRSB) distribution curves were established for the ground samples, and the relationships between distribution coefficients and the average angular velocity of grinder discs, power consumption, and specific comminution energy were determined. The tests showed that the specific comminution energy increases as the size reduction ratio increases. It was also demonstrated that the RRSB distribution coefficients could be represented by the functions of angular velocities, power consumption, and specific comminution energy. The developed models will be a source of information for numerical modelling of comminution processes.

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“…The effect of combining the br2 and BMR mutations is also largely unknown in maize. The results obtained by Landoni et al (2022) suggested that in maize, the br2 mutation could be used to compensate for the negative effects of the bm3 mutation, notably by increasing the chlorophyll content, delaying senescence, and reducing stomatal size. The forage feeding value of the double mutant has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

The brachytic2 mutation alone or its combination with the brown midrib3 mutation improves fiber digestibility in forage maize

et al. 2023

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Short Stature Maize (SSM), which carries the brachytic2 (br2) mutation has reduced plant height and increased plant standability. Since a large area of maize (Zea mays L.) is planted for silage, it is important to investigate the forage nutritive value of SSM. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the br2 mutation alone or its combination with the brown midrib3 (bm3) mutation on feeding value parameters, notably fiber digestibility and lignification. SSM hybrids had forage feeding value equivalent to BMR hybrids and better than that of tall hybrids. The br2 mutation significantly increased fiber digestibility in the sets of near‐isogenic inbreds by 4 percentage units and hybrids by 2.7 percentage units. Those favorable effects could be attributed to reduction in lignin concentration and changes in the distribution of lignin within the stem. Furthermore, the combination of br2 with bm3 resulted in an increase of fiber digestibility, which appeared to be additive. Altogether, our results indicated that SSM has the potential to create fodder of high feeding value and favorable standability.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Brachytic2 mutation is able to counteract the main pleiotropic effects of brown midrib3 mutant in maize

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

The Potential of Low Phytic Acid1-1 Mutant in Maize (Zea mays L.): A Sustainable Solution to Non-Renewable Phosphorus

The Potential of Low Phytic Acid1-1 Mutant in Maize (Zea mays L.): A Sustainable Solution to Non-Renewable Phosphorus

Energy-Dependent Particle Size Distribution Models for Multi-Disc Mill

The brachytic2 mutation alone or its combination with the brown midrib3 mutation improves fiber digestibility in forage maize

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