Brachytherapie des Prostatakarzinoms

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most frequent onlocological disease in men. Every year there are ca. 202.000 new cases of prostate cancer in Europe. Curative treatment of this carcinoma via brachytherapy is becoming increasingly significant (20-30% of all curative approaches). Initial staging and thus allocation to risk groups prior to the commencement of therapy is esspecially important for successful brachytherapy treatment.Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy (i.e. SEED implantation) distinguishes itself both with respect to the procedure as well as the indication from high-dose-rate brachytherapy (afterloading procedure). Both treatment procedures are employed as monotherapy as well as in combination with external radiation.LDR monotherapy is reported to achieve biochemically relapse-free outcome of up to 90% in low-risk tumours during 10-year follow-up periods. Combined HDR tele- and brachytherapy is reported to achieve a biochemically relapse-free outcome of 80-90% with intermediate- and high-risk tumours in long-term follow-up.While randomized studies are as yet missing, it is still possible to derive the following application algorithms from monitoring studies and cohort studies: application of LDR monobrachytherapy must be restricted to low-risk tumorus. Combined HDR tele- and brachytherapy can be sucessfully applied in cases of intermediate- and high-risk tumours. The outcome depends significantly on the initial, pre-therapy PSA value and Gleason score. Posttherapeutically, the nadir value is crucial with respect to predicting the biochemically relapse-free outcome.

Raman and IR reflection micro‐spectroscopic study of Er:YAG laser treated permanent and deciduous human teeth

“…Infrared and excimer [ultraviolet (UV)] lasers in both continuous wave and pulse regimes are used for hard tissue ablation. [1] The most frequently applied in the practice infrared lasers: CO 2 (wavelength λ = 9.4-10.6 μm), Nd:YAG (λ = 1.06 μm), and Ho:YAG (λ = 2.1 μm) do not exhibit sufficient ablation rate of the hard tissue, which requires the application of high energy. [2] As a result, side effects such as formation of new phases, melting, cracking, carbonization, charring near the laser-treated areas in the dental hard tissue as well as pulp damages may occur due to secondary heating.…”