Brachial Plexus Palsy Secondary to Clavicular Nonunion

Types and severity of operated supraclavicular brachial plexus injuries caused by traffic accidents

“…Falls onto a shoulder can also cause a BPI. Falls present a risk of a fracture or dislocation of the clavicle [3], fractures of the shoulder or scapulothoracic dissociation. Scapulothoracic dissociations carry a high risk of vascular and nerve injury [9].…”

A low energy paediatric clavicle fracture associated with acute brachial plexus injury and subclavian artery compression

“…Third, the features usually include progressive involvement of the medial and posterior cords 5,6,11 . The cases described present typically with weakness and paraesthesia affecting the hand with subsequent progressive involvement of the rest of the arm.…”

“…First, BP injury in the context of clavicle fracture is typically a delayed phenomenon occurring days, weeks and sometimes months after the original insult 5–8 . Where there is immediate involvement of the BP, this is frequently secondary to a high energy traction injury rather than damage by the clavicle itself.…”

“…Second, of the cases reported, BP injury secondary to clavicle fracture was caused predominantly by subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm, non-union or hypertrophic callous formation 5,9 . Compression of the BP due to acute fracture and fragment displacement has been reported on a few occasions 6–8,10,11 .…”

Nonsurgical Treatment of Delayed‐Onset Brachial Plexopathy Due to Hypertrophic Clavicular Callus: A Case Report

“…The precise mechanism of injury and of spontaneous recovery in patients with delayed-onset brachial plexopathy due to hypertrophic callus is unknown. Based on previously reported cases [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], it appears that the nerve injury is primarily due to compression of the plexus from the expanding bone callus and surrounding inflammatory tissue. We hypothesize that this case had a neurapraxic component and the spontaneous recovery was due to cessation of bone callus growth before irreparable damage occurred to the perineurium and epineurium, allowing for regeneration of the injured nerves.…”