Brachial artery distensibility and relation to cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young adults (The Bogalusa Heart Study)

Urbina, Elaine M.; Brinton, Todd J.; Elkasabany, Abdalla; Berenson, Gerald S.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02244-0

Cited by 84 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In accordance with the findings, some researchers have shown inverse associations between arterial distensibility measured with an ultrasound scanning technique and several risk factors, such as cholesterol levels 11 and atherosclerotic risk factors, in children and adolescents. 30,31 The observations in the present and earlier studies indicate that arterial wall structure and function can be influenced by atherosclerotic risk factors as early as the second decade of life, and the vascular changes in adolescents may not be confined to individuals suffering from severe obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia or diabetes mellitus. This fact emphasizes not only the importance of strategies to control obesity and its metabolic consequences but also the need to evaluate arterial wall properties early in life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

The influence of obesity and metabolic risk variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adolescents

et al. 2008

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Measurement of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is recognized as a simple and practical method for assessing arterial stiffness. We determined whether the baPWV of adolescents is affected by obesity and its associated metabolic risk variables. A cross-sectional sample of 754 apparently healthy adolescents (383 men and 371 women), aged 15-17 years, was recruited for this study. baPWV was measured by a simple automatic oscillometric technique. Adiposity measures, blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, fasting glucose and insulin were evaluated. The baPWV of the adolescents was significantly higher in men than in women and increased with age in both genders. After being statistically adjusted for age and gender, baPWV was significantly correlated with body mass index, percent body fat, waistto-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean arterial pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherogenic index, glucose, insulin, and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the multivariate regression analysis, mean arterial pressure, atherogenic index, HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure and age were found to be significant determinants of baPWV (Po0.001). An increasing number of clustered risk variables, including high values (4gender-specific top quartiles) of waist-toheight ratio, mean arterial pressure, atherogenic index and HOMA-IR showed a graded association with baPWV (Po0.001 for trend). These results suggest that obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities are important factors in the increased baPWV of adolescents and that baPWV may be useful in investigating early arterial wall changes in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

The influence of obesity and metabolic risk variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adolescents

et al. 2008

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“…This is consistent with earlier reports showing an inverse association between arterial elasticity or compliance and blood pressure in youth. 29,30 Mechanistically, arterial stiffness may be the consequence of repetitive cycles of stress and strain and the attendant induction of vascular smooth muscle cell growth and synthesis of matrix components. 31 Smooth muscle cell phenotype and activity modulate the proportion of elastin to collagen, thereby influencing vascular stiffness, 32 which may further increase blood pressure 33 and start a vicious cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Blood Pressure as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults

et al. 2004

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Abstract-Increased arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in middle-aged and older adults. However, limited data are available regarding the relationship of arterial stiffness in young adults with risk factors measured in childhood, adulthood, or as a cumulative burden from childhood to adulthood. This aspect was examined in a sample of 835 black and white young adults (72% whites, 44% men) aged 24 to 44 years who had at least 4 measurements of traditional risk factors over an average follow-up period of 26.5 years since childhood. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measured by a simple automatic oscillometric technique was used as an index of arterial stiffness. The cumulative burden of risk factors since childhood was measured as area under the curve divided by follow-up years. In young adults, the baPWV was higher in males versus females (PϽ0.001) and blacks versus whites (PϽ0.001). In multiple regression analyses, independent predictors of baPWV in young adults were systolic blood pressure in childhood; systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and smoking in adulthood; and cumulative burden of systolic blood pressure and triglycerides and duration of smoking years from childhood. Thus, systolic blood pressure beginning in childhood is a consistent predictor of arterial stiffness in free-living, asymptomatic young adults. These findings underscore the importance of childhood blood pressure in the evolution of arterial stiffness and the need for beginning preventive cardiology early in life. Key Words: pulse wave velocity Ⅲ cardiovascular disease Ⅲ children Ⅲ arteriosclerosis I ncreased arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease risk and mortality, is associated with age, hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and atherosclerosis. [1][2][3][4][5] Noninvasive devices such as Doppler ultrasound, MRI, or pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured by applanation tonometry 6 -9 are currently available to assess vascular stiffness. Of these, carotid-femoral PWV measured by applanation tonometry is widely being used. However, this methodology has certain limitations regarding the proper use of transducers. Recently, a simpler automatic oscillometric technique to measure brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) has been developed, 10,11 and its validity, reliability, and usefulness have been established and confirmed. 10 -15 It is well recognized that vascular changes including atherosclerosis begin early in life as a silent, asymptomatic disease process and are associated with CV risk factors. 16,17 Importantly, CV risk factors persist or track from childhood to adulthood and are predictive of CV disease risk in adults. 18,19 Evaluation of arterial stiffness and its predictors may help identify asymptomatic individuals at risk. In this regard, no data are available with respect to whether and what extent childhood traditional CV risk factors and their cumulative burden from childhood to adulthood are associated w...

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“…In line, a previous cross-sectional study in young adults, aged 18 years and older, demonstrated lower brachial artery distensibility in men than women. 24 Regarding aortic distensibility, we observed a significant sex difference beginning at the age of 15 years. In line, it has been demonstrated cross sectionally that aortic distensibility was similar in both sexes from birth to 14 to 15 years of age and thereafter boys had lower distensibility holding it into late forties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…24 To study the stability of aortic distensibility, we examined correlations between the distensibility measurements. Aortic distensibility measured at the age of 11 years correlated with subsequent measurements at age 13, 15, 17, and 19 years ( Figure S2, all P<0.05).…”

Section: Distensibility Of Abdominal Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

Distensibility of the Aorta and Carotid Artery and Left Ventricular Mass From Childhood to Early Adulthood

et al. 2015

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Abstract-In adults, arterial distensibility decreases with age and relates to changes in cardiac left ventricular mass.Longitudinal data on changes in arterial distensibility from childhood to adulthood are lacking. Our aim was to study the effect of age and sex, and low-saturated fat dietary counseling on arterial distensibility from childhood to early adulthood. In addition, we assessed the association of arterial distensibility with left ventricular mass. Distensibility of the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery was measured repeatedly at ages 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 years (n=395-472) in an atherosclerosis prevention trial (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project [STRIP]). Aortic and carotid distensibility decreased with age (both P<0.0001). In boys, distensibility values were generally lower (P<0.0001) and showed steeper decrease by age (age and sex interaction: both P<0.01). The low-saturated fat dietary counseling given in STRIP was not significantly associated with arterial distensibility. Left ventricular mass increased with age (P<0.0001), and it was greater in boys (P<0.0001). In conclusion, a marked age-related decrease in vascular distensibility was found already at this young age, and this decrease was more pronounced in boys than girls. The longitudinal progression of aortic and carotid distensibility was related with changes in left ventricular mass. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00223600.

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Brachial artery distensibility and relation to cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young adults (The Bogalusa Heart Study)

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

The influence of obesity and metabolic risk variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adolescents

The influence of obesity and metabolic risk variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adolescents

Childhood Blood Pressure as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in Young Adults

Distensibility of the Aorta and Carotid Artery and Left Ventricular Mass From Childhood to Early Adulthood

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