BR-319: A rodovia Manaus-Porto Velho e o impacto potencial de conectar o arco de desmatamento à Amazônia central

Fearnside, Philip M.; Graça, Paulo Maurício L. A.

doi:10.5801/ncn.v12i1.241

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Transport of containers to São Paulo is 19% cheaper by the current system of barges between Manaus and Belém and truck transport from Belém to São Paulo, and would be 37% cheaper than this current system if adequate port facilities were installed (e.g., in Itacoatiara) to carry the freight by ship to Santos, from which it would be distributed using the existing transport system in the state of São Paulo (Teixeira, ). These represent much better alternatives not only regarding cost but also regarding environmental impact; nevertheless, alternative routes to São Paulo were not considered in the EIA for BR‐319 (Fearnside & Graça, ). Promotion of the highway by politicians in Manaus has been an effective means of attracting votes, and this is the most likely explanation for the priority given to the project.…”

Section: Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for sustainable development in Brazilian Amazonia

Fearnside

2018

Sustainable Development

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Most economic initiatives and infrastructure projects in Brazilian Amazonia have social benefits that are small and ephemeral, while their socioenvironmental impacts are severe. More sustainable forms of development are inhibited by barriers such as a decision-making system with heavy influence (including corruption) from actors with interests in nonsustainable activities. These interests have driven a recent surge of legislative threats to environmental licensing. Better alternatives exist for many destructive forms of "development" projects. Examples include transport using rivers (rather than building highways) and electricity generation from Brazil's vast solar and wind resources (rather than hydroelectric dams). Traditional rural populations could receive support from programs that tap the value of the Amazon forest's environmental services, but institutional mechanisms are in their infancy, among challenges that include differing political interests of countries providing environmental services and those that might pay for them, lack of data and a "theoretical battlefield" regarding accounting for benefits.

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Section: Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for sustainable development in Brazilian Amazonia

Fearnside

2018

Sustainable Development

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“…Finally, most of the classic and recent literature on deforestation significantly addresses economic, inequality, poverty, and basic services aspects (Browder and Godfrey 1997, Fearnside and Graça 2009, Ebanyat et al 2010, Hargrave and Kis-Katos 2013. The economic dimension is represented by gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010, GDP variation between 2000 and 2010, and percentage of agriculture, industry, and services in the GDP.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation and local sustainable development in Brazilian Legal Amazonia: an exploratory analysis

Sathler¹,

Adamo²,

Lima³

2018

E&S

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We focus here on deforestation and human development dynamics among 211 small and medium-sized municipalities (in terms of population) in the Amazonian arc of deforestation, Brazil. First, we construct a typology of municipalities through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Using this typology, we seek to identify changing deforestation frontiers in the study area based not only on forest loss levels, but also on sets of socioeconomic and demographic elements associated with human development. We find four well-defined macro-deforestation frontiers that exhibit distinct interactions between forest loss and human development levels. Our results show different levels of demographic and economic pressures in these frontiers while revealing some important trends such as the internalization of investments and demographic growth in the arc of deforestation. In addition, population growth and inmigration and out-migration patterns in the explored municipalities suggest a demographic complementarity among frontiers. Finally, we explore implications for public policies seeking to advance forest recovery and long-term conservation through sustainable development growth at the local and regional levels.

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“…Terra preta sites have been found along the Rio Madeira in between Porto Velho and Manaus (Levis et al, 2012). Soil cores have been analyzed from an area located along BR-319, which connects the cities of Porto Velho to Manaus (e.g., Fearnside and de Alencastro Graça, 2009;hereafter PV-M). Charcoal was present in varying amounts in the PV-M samples, and maize phytoliths were found in one sample near Porto Velho (McMichael et al, 2012a;Piperno et al, 2015).…”

Section: Site Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytolith Assemblages Along a Gradient of Ancient Human Disturbance in Western Amazonia

et al. 2015

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The ecological status of prehistoric Amazonian forests remains widely debated. The concept of ancient Amazonia as a pristine wilderness is largely discredited, but the alternative hypothesis of extensive anthropogenic landscapes remains untested in many regions. We assessed the degree of ancient human impacts across western Amazonia based on archeological and paleoecological data using methodologies that would allow inter-regional comparisons. We also aimed to establish baselines for estimating the legacies of ancient disturbances on modern vegetation. We analyzed charcoal and phytolith assemblages from soil samples from an archeological site, sites in close proximity to archeological sites, sites from riverine and interfluvial forests, and a biological research station believed to contain some of the least disturbed forests within Amazonia. We then quantitatively compared phytolith assemblages within and between the surveyed regions. Palm enrichment was evident at the archeological site, and the biological station survey contained little to no evidence of ancient human activity. The other sites exhibited a gradient of ancient disturbance across the landscape. The phytolith assemblages showed statistically significant between-region variations that indicated our metrics were sufficiently sensitive to detecting ancient disturbance. Our data highlight the spatial heterogeneity of ancient human disturbances in Amazonian forests. The quantification of these disturbances provides empirical data and a more concrete link between the composition of the modern forest and ancient disturbance regimes. Accounting for ancient disturbances will allow a deeper understanding of the landscape heterogeneity observed in the modern forests.

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BR-319: A rodovia Manaus-Porto Velho e o impacto potencial de conectar o arco de desmatamento à Amazônia central

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Challenges for sustainable development in Brazilian Amazonia

Challenges for sustainable development in Brazilian Amazonia

Deforestation and local sustainable development in Brazilian Legal Amazonia: an exploratory analysis

Phytolith Assemblages Along a Gradient of Ancient Human Disturbance in Western Amazonia

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