BPI Fold-Containing Family A Member 2/Parotid Secretory Protein Is an Early Biomarker of AKI

Abstract

AKI is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and an important contributor to the development and progression of CKD. Molecular biomarkers that improve the detection and prognostication of AKI are therefore required. We assessed the utility as such of BPI fold-containing family A member 2 (BPIFA2), also known as parotid secretory protein, which we identified a multiplex quantitative proteomics screen of acutely injured murine kidneys. In physiologic conditions, BPIFA2 is expressed specifically in the parotid glands and is abundant in salivary secretions. In our study, AKI induced expression in the kidneys of mice within 3 hours. Furthermore, we detected BPIFA2 protein in plasma and urine in these models as early as 6 hours after injury. However, renal injury did not induce the expression of in mice lacking, an immediate early gene expressed in the kidneys during AKI. Notably, patients with AKI had higher blood and urine levels of BPIFA2 than did healthy individuals. Together, our results reveal that BPIFA2 is a potential early biomarker of AKI.

Renal progenitor cells revert LPS‐induced endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by secreting CXCL6, SAA4, and BPIFA2 antiseptic peptides

“…The encoded soluble salivary protein binds LPS and inhibits bacterial growth (43)(44)(45)(46). Very recently, it has been identified as an early biomarker of AKI, and its plasma levels have been found to be increased during injury induced by LPS (47). Here, we found that in endotoxemic pigs, BPIFA2 was also expressed locally in the renal tubular compartment upon LPS infusion.…”

Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Differences Between Chinese Yunling Black Goats and Nubian Goats Revealed by Allele-Specific Expression in Their F1 Hybrids

“…Hundreds of ASE genes were found in different tissues, and a small proportion of these genes (core-ASE) were further shown to experience directional selection. These core-ASE genes are related to many essential biological processes, including metabolism ( LOC102191011, LOC102177333, LOC102173339 , and LOC102191297 ) (Elens et al, 2012 ; Bertaggia et al, 2017 ; Buermans Henk et al, 2017 ), immune responses ( TAP1, LOC102189753, LOC102171351 , and TDO2 ) (Grassmann et al, 2016 ; Hanalioglu et al, 2017 ; Kota et al, 2017 ), and the adaptation to hot and humid environments (RPS8 and TNXB) (Wei and Hemmings, 2003 ). The identification of these genes will help to explain the phenotypic differences and genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of the two representative goat breeds examined in this study and will supply a theoretical basis for crossbreeding and the improvement, breeding and the selection of local goats.…”

Multiclass Linear Discriminant Analysis With Ultrahigh-Dimensional Features

“…For example, the identified gene TCN1 encodes a member of the vitamin B12 binding protein family and vitamin B12 inefficiency can cause kidney injury (Gowder, 2014). Gene BPI fold-containing family A member 2/parotid secretory protein is associated with acute kidney injury (Kota et al, 2017). Gene TCF12 is expressed in the forming collecting ducts in the developing kidney as well as in the liver (Lazzaro et al, 1992), while HLA-G expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantations (Xiao et al, 2013).…”