Box-shaped halophilic bacteria

Javor, Barbara; Requadt, C.; Stoeckenius, Walther

doi:10.1128/jb.151.3.1532-1542.1982

Cited by 71 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Other attempts to isolate square bacteria yielded nonvacuolated pleomorphic 'box-shaped' organisms. Thus, the brines of the Gavish sabkha were the source of isolation of 'Haloarcula sinaiiensis' [32] and additional 'square non-vacuolated' strains of halophilic archaea [29]. Their relationship with Walsby's square bacteria can as yet not be ascertained, as the latter are still awaiting isolation.…”

Section: Taxonomy Of the Halobacteriaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The true identity of these square bacteria is still unknown (see above). If also these contain S-DGD-1 as their (principal) glycolipid, they are probably unrelated to the genus ttaloarcula, in which they tentatively have been placed [32].…”

Section: Solar Salternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many isolates were shown to grow on carbohydrates as carbon and energy source, e.g. Halobacterium saccharot'orum [84], Haloferax and Haloarcula species [32] and many unidentified isolates [47]. Certain strains (notably Haloferax species) are even able to grow in defined media with a single carbon source, such as simple carbohydrates, glycerol, acetate and other compounds [47,66].…”

Section: Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ecology of the extremely halophilic archaea

Oren

1994

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

194

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The extremely halophilic archaea (family Halobacteriaceae) are the dominant heterotrophic organisms in hypersaline environments in which salt concentrations exceed 250–300 g l−1. During the last decades our knowledge on the taxonomy, physiology and biochemistry of the Halobacterium group has greatly increased. However, our understanding of the ecology of the halophilic archaea lags far behind the progess made in the study of other aspects of their biology. A few hypersaline environments, such as the Dead Sea and solar salterns, have been studied more in depth, using techniques such as lipid analysis to obtain information on the types of organisms present and measurement of uptake of labeled substrates to quantify the dynamics of bacterial processes. The results of these studies, in combination with the information obtained from laboratory studies of representative isolates of the Halobacteriaceae, enable the beginning of an understanding of the functioning of the halophilic archaea in nature.

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Section: Taxonomy Of the Halobacteriaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar Salternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ecology of the extremely halophilic archaea

Oren

1994

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

194

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“…Salt lakes, with near saturating salinities, are common in countries around the world, and are extreme environments that maintain dense populations of halophilic microbes, mainly Archaea belonging to the family Halobacteriaceae [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In 1980, Walsby [3] described prokaryotic cells having the unusual shape of thin squares or tiles, that were present in high concentration (7 · 10 7 cells/ml) in a hypersaline pond, or sabkha, near the Red Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other haloarchaea have since been found to have triangular and even square shaped cells, such as Haloarcula quadrata [15], but they belong to genera that are distinct from the SHOW group, can be readily cultured in the laboratory [9] and are not usually dominant 0378 members of natural haloarchaeal communities [2]. They also lack gas vesicles and are more variable in shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Walsby?s square haloarchaeon

Burns¹,

Camakaris²,

Janssen³

et al. 2004

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The square haloarchaea of Walsby (SHOW group) dominate hypersaline microbial communities but have not been cultured since their discovery 25 years ago. We show that natural water dilution cultures can be used to isolate members of this group and, once in pure culture, they can be grown in standard halobacterial media. Cells display a square morphology and contain gas vesicles and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was >99% identical to other SHOW group sequences. They prefer high salinities (23-30%), and can grow with a doubling time of 1-2 days in rich media. The ability to culture SHOW group organisms makes it possible to study, in a comprehensive way, the microbial ecology of salt lakes.

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Haloarcula

Ventosa¹

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Ha.lo.ar' cu.la . Gr. n. hals, halos salt; L. fem. n. arcula small box; M.L. fem. n. Haloarcula salt (‐requiring) small box. Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloarculaceae / Haloarcula Cells may be rods in liquid culture but are extremely pleomorphic , usually flat, 1–3 µm across with a range of shapes from triangles and squares to irregular disks. Resting stages are not known. Gram negative. Motile or nonmotile. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic . Oxidase and catalase positive. Extremely halophilic, with growth occurring in media containing 2.0–5.2 M NaCl ; optimum concentration, 2.5–3 M NaCl. Temperature range for growth, 30–55°C; optimum temperature, 40–45°C. pH range for growth: 5–8; optimum pH, 7–7.5. Minimal Mg 2+ requirement for growth, 0.005–0.05 M. Chemoorganotrophic, utilizing many substrates as sources of carbon and energy. Acids are produced from sugars. Amino acids are not required. The polar lipids are characterized by the presence of C 20 C 20 derivatives of TGD‐2 . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 60.1–65. A minor DNA component may be present. Type species : Haloarcula vallismortis (Gonzalez, Gutiérrez and Ramirez 1978) Torreblanca, Rodriguez‐Valera, Juez, Ventosa, Kamekura and Kates 1986b, 573 (Effective publication: Torreblanca, Rodriguez‐Valera, Juez, Ventosa, Kamekura and Kates 1986a, 98) ( Halobacterium vallismortis Gonzalez, Gutiérrez and Ramirez 1978, 710.)

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Box-shaped halophilic bacteria

Cited by 71 publications

References 29 publications

The ecology of the extremely halophilic archaea

The ecology of the extremely halophilic archaea

Cultivation of Walsby?s square haloarchaeon

Haloarcula

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