Bowl Shape Design Optimization for Engine-Out PM Reduction in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

Lee, Jongyoon; Lee, Sangyul; Kim, Jungho; Kim, Duksang

doi:10.4271/2015-01-0789

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The results also showed that the piston shape and the heatrelease rate are closely related, since an inappropriate design can lead to fuel-rich regions, which in turn hamper both the mixing and combustion processes. Similar investigations can be found in [8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Computational Investigation on the Performance Increase of a Small Industrial Diesel Engine Regarding the Effects of Compression Ratio, Piston Bowl Shape and Injection Strategy

et al. 2022

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This paper describes the simulative approach to calibrate an already extremely highly turbocharged industrial diesel engine for higher low-speed torque. The engine, which is already operating at its cylinder-pressure maximum, is to achieve close to 30 bar effective mean pressure through suitable calibration between the compression ratio, piston-bowl shape and injection strategy. The basic idea of the study is to lower the compression ratio for even higher injection masses and boost pressures, with the resulting disadvantages in the area of emissions and fuel consumption being partially compensated for by optimizations in the areas of piston shape and injection strategy. The simulations primarily involve the use of the 3D CFD software Converge CFD for in-cylinder calibration and a fully predictive 1D full-engine model in GT Suite. The simulations are based on a two-stage turbocharged 1950 cc four-cylinder industrial diesel engine, which is used for validation of the initial simulation. With the maximum increase in fuel mass and boost pressure, the effective mean pressure could be increased up to 28 bar, while specific consumption increased only slightly. Depending on the geometry, NOx or CO and UHC emissions could be reduced.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Computational Investigation on the Performance Increase of a Small Industrial Diesel Engine Regarding the Effects of Compression Ratio, Piston Bowl Shape and Injection Strategy

et al. 2022

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“…jet flow, but each plume of spray is spitted in steps and generates two big vortexes; one is generated in the inner bowl while the other one is generated in the upper bowl. The chamfered re-entrant type concept has been well matched with a high-pressure injection system, and its performance has been verified experimentally, 7,13 but not in the case of a low-pressure injection system in this study. It seems that a spray of low-pressure injection cannot induce high enough turbulence intensity for a sufficient air-fuel mixing rate without high squish jet flow and high inner bowl swirl.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The solution could be a high-pressure injection system with bowl shape optimization. 7, 8 However, these capabilities are functions of electrically controlled high pressure injection system such as Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) or electric unit injector. These fuel injection systems are able to provide the high mixing energy and multiple injection capability needed for low PM emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A characteristic study and optimization of in-cylinder configuration for particulate matters reduction in an off-highway diesel engine with mechanical fuel injection system

Lee

Park

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This paper shows development challenges for 11-liter heavy-duty off-highway diesel engines to meet Tier 3 emission regulations with a base diesel engine compliant with Tier 2 emission regulations. In the case of the installation of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for reduction of NOx emissions, there exists a risk of increased particulate matters (PM) emissions. An in-cylinder PM reduction is still necessary since a diesel particulate filter (DPF) after-treatment system is not under the consideration. The objective of this research is to see whether the base engine has a potential to meet Tier 3 emission regulations by changing in-cylinder configuration parameters including the bowl shape, injector position, the number of intake and exhaust valves, injector tip protrusion, and injector tip specifications such as nozzle spray angle and nozzle flow rate. These parameters are very important parts which enhance the air and fuel mixing process that helps the combustion process. Thus, the optimization of these design variables is essential to improve combustion efficiency and emissions reduction. In this study, the multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code KIVA-3V is used to perform combustion simulations. The Kelvin–Helmholtz/Rayleigh–Taylor (KH-RT) model is employed for spray breakup and a reduced chemical mechanism for n-heptane is employed to simulate ignition delay and combustion of diesel fuel. To verify the simulation results, engine bench tests were performed with installations of the final version of in-cylinder geometry in C1-8 mode which is one of main test cycles to meet Tier 3 emission regulations. Finally, Tier 3 emission regulations have been met with the currently optimized in-cylinder configuration parameters.

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“…It is worth noting that there are many studies done previously which compare only the pressure trace or both pressure and heat release rate curves for model validation and discuss on the emissions comparison of the models (Puri et al 2017;Sharma et al 2010;Shuai et al 2009;Lee et al 2015;Zhu et al 2004). Moreover as mentioned earlier, the level of model validation depends on the objectives, for instance if the objective is mainly to compare the effects of various in-cylinder strategies, rather than accurately predicting the absolute values of performance and emission parameters in each case, one could do model validation without emission data as well.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Diesel Engines Using CFD and Its Applications in Optimizing Various In-Cylinder Techniques

Menon

Mittal

2021

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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A four-stroke IC engine cycle undergoes the following processesintake, compression, combustion, expansion and exhaust, which are governed by complex fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics and heat transfer phenomena and occur in milli/nanosecond timescales inside the engine cylinder making it difficult to visualize experimentally. A better understanding of the in-cylinder phenomena helps design better engines in terms of performance, fuel consumption and emissions. Optimization of the engine processes through physical testing can be time and cost intensive. CFD analysis helps visualize the various in-cylinder processes, analyze them better and evaluate various engine optimization parameters without having to test on an actual engine, hence it is comparatively effortless to do back-to-back comparisons to identify the effect of a single parameter, which reduces the engine development time and cost drastically. CFD analysis of Diesel engines is particularly useful since there are many in-cylinder optimization parameters in a diesel engine in comparison with a conventional gasoline engine, due to the direct injection and heterogeneous nature of combustion. This chapter aims to give an overview of the general methodology followed in performing CFD simulations in diesel engines towards the objective of enhancing the performance and minimizing the fuel consumption and emissions. Here a comprehensive coverage of the complete process of modeling and simulation is attempted, starting with the basic input data required, typical assumptions used, fundamental governing equations and discretization, model formulation, initial conditions, boundary conditions, model validation, various sub-models used and the analysis of results. The effect of in-cylinder techniques like combustion chamber geometry, injection timing, multiple injections and exhaust gas recirculation on performance and emissions is discussed through a brief review of published literature. It is hoped that the reader will get an insight into the procedure followed in diesel engine CFD analysis and some of its applications in the optimization through various in-cylinder techniques.

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Bowl Shape Design Optimization for Engine-Out PM Reduction in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Computational Investigation on the Performance Increase of a Small Industrial Diesel Engine Regarding the Effects of Compression Ratio, Piston Bowl Shape and Injection Strategy

Computational Investigation on the Performance Increase of a Small Industrial Diesel Engine Regarding the Effects of Compression Ratio, Piston Bowl Shape and Injection Strategy

A characteristic study and optimization of in-cylinder configuration for particulate matters reduction in an off-highway diesel engine with mechanical fuel injection system

Modeling and Simulation of Diesel Engines Using CFD and Its Applications in Optimizing Various In-Cylinder Techniques

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