Bowers, Thomas J.

Lerma, Dominique-Rene de

doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.a2083848

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…GluK1-3 subunits are also capable of assembling into heterotetramers (e.g. GluK1/K2; [218,300,303]). Two additional kainate receptor subunits, GluK4 and GluK5, when expressed individually, form high affinity binding sites for kainate, but lack function, but can form heteromers when expressed with GluK1-3 subunits (e.g.…”

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GluK2/K5; reviewed in [171,300,303]). Kainate receptors may also exhibit 'metabotropic' functions [218,312]. As found for AMPA receptors, kainate receptors are modulated by auxiliary subunits (Neto proteins, [219,300]).…”

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recombinant AMPA receptors lacking RNA edited GluA2 subunits are: (1) permeable to Ca 2+ ; (2) blocked by intracellular polyamines at depolarized potentials causing inward rectification (the latter being reduced by TARPs); (3) blocked by extracellular argiotoxin and Joro spider toxins and (4) demonstrate higher channel conductances than receptors containing the edited form of GluA2 [163,326]. GluK1 and GluK2, but not other kainate receptor subunits, are similarly edited and broadly similar functional characteristics apply to kainate receptors lacking either an RNA edited GluK1, or GluK2, subunit [218,300]. Native AMPA and kainate receptors displaying differential channel conductances, Ca 2+ permeabilites and sensitivity to block by intracellular polyamines have been identified [73,163,224].…”

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TARPs also stabilise the non-desensitized conformation of AMPA receptors and facilitate the action of cyclothiazide [260]. Splice variants of GluK1-3 also exist which affects their trafficking [218,300]. …”

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Ligand‐gated ion channels

Alexander

Peters

Kelly

et al. 2017

British J Pharmacology

147

129

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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13879/full. Ligand-gated ion channels are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. Conflict of interestThe authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to declare. Overview: Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are integral membrane proteins that contain a pore which allows the regulated flow of selected ions across the plasma membrane. Ion flux is passive and driven by the electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions. These channels are open, or gated, by the binding of a neurotransmitter to an orthosteric site(s) that triggers a conformational change that results in the conducting state. Modulation of gating can occur by the binding of endogenous, or exogenous, modulators to allosteric sites.LGICs mediate fast synaptic transmission, on a millisecond time scale, in the nervous system and at the somatic neuromuscular junction. Such transmission involves the release of a neurotransmitter from a pre-synaptic neurone and the subsequent activation of post-synaptically located receptors that mediate a rapid, phasic, electrical signal (the excitatory, or inhibitory, post-synaptic potential). However, in addition to their traditional role in phasic neurotransmission, it is now established that some LGICs mediate a tonic form of neuronal regulation that results from the activation of extra-synaptic receptors by ambient levels of neurotransmitter. The expression of some LGICs by nonexcitable cells is suggestive of additional ...

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Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Ligand‐gated ion channels

Alexander

Peters

Kelly

et al. 2017

British J Pharmacology

147

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GluK1-3 subunits are also capable of assembling into heterotetramers (e.g. GluK1/K2; [199,276,279]). Two additional kainate receptor subunits, GluK4 and GluK5, when expressed individually, form high affinity binding sites for kainate, but lack function, but can form heteromers when expressed with GluK1-3 subunits (e.g.…”

Section: Ampa and Kainate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Ligand‐gated ion channels

Alexander

Peters

Kelly

et al. 2015

British J Pharmacology

128

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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1111/bph.13350/full. Ligand-gated ion channels are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ligand-gated ion channels, voltagegated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The Concise Guide is published in landscape format in order to facilitate comparison of related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2015, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in the previous Guides to Receptors & Channels and the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. Conflict of InterestThe authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to declare. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Overview: Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are integral membrane proteins that contain a pore which allows the regulated flow of selected ions across the plasma membrane. Ion flux is passive and driven by the electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions. These channels are open, or gated, by the binding of a neurotransmitter to an orthosteric site(s) that triggers a conformational change that results in the conducting state. Modulation of gating can occur by the binding of endogenous, or exogenous, modulators to allosteric sites.LGICs mediate fast synaptic transmission, on a millisecond time scale, in the nervous system and at the somatic neuromuscular junction. Such transmission involves the release of a neurotransmitter from a pre-synaptic neurone and the subsequent activation of post-synaptically located receptors that mediate a rapid, phasic, electrical signal (the excitatory, or inhibitory, post-synaptic potential). However, in addition to their traditional role in phasic neurotransmission, it is now established that some LGICs mediate a tonic form of neuronal regulation that results from the activation of extra-synaptic receptors ...

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Terminal Lucidity in a Pediatric Oncology Clinic

Roehrs,

Fenwick,

Greyson

et al. 2023

J Nerv Ment Dis

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The sporadic occurrence of unusually enhanced mental clarity before death has been documented over time and cultures, and reported in patients with and without neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and other neurocognitive deficits, as well as those with nonterminal and terminal conditions. Using a purposive sampling method via existing professional networks, clinical presentations of terminal lucidity in pediatric populations, as witnessed by pediatric oncologists and medical personnel, were solicited. We document clinical presentations suggestive of terminal lucidity in children, which were compiled by their attending physician at two large tertiary pediatric hospitals. Unanticipated and unexplained changes in mental clarity, verbal communication, and/or physical capability in the days and hours before the death of the pediatric patients were observed. Each patient's medical condition should not have allowed for such changes. The phenomenon known as terminal lucidity provides a conceptual framework for these deviations, although more systematic documentation and clinical research is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

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Bowers, Thomas J.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Ligand‐gated ion channels

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Ligand‐gated ion channels

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Ligand‐gated ion channels

Terminal Lucidity in a Pediatric Oncology Clinic

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