Bowen's disease of the nipple—a new method of treatment

Brookes, Phil; Jhawar, Sanjay; Hinton, C. P.; Murdoch, Stephen; Usman, Tamoor

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2004.05.001

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Topical PDT has been reported in case reports to clear BD in unusual sites (nipple and subungual) [70–72] and where it arises in a setting of poor healing (lower leg, epidermolysis bullosa and radiation dermatitis) [73–75]. In addition, topical ALA-PDT has been observed to offer therapeutic benefit in erythroplasia of Queyrat [76,77], a form of SCC in situ arising on the glans or prepuce, possibly induced by human papillomavirus [78].…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Pdt For Cutaneous Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Zhao¹,

He²

2010

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

137

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive procedure that involves a photosensitizing drug and its subsequent activation by light to produce reactive oxygen species that specifically destroy target cells. Recently, PDT has been widely used in treating non-melanoma skin malignancies, the most common cancer in the USA, with superior cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional therapies. The topical 'photosensitizers' commonly used are 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its esterified derivative methyl 5-aminolevulinate, which are precursors of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. After treatment with ALA or methyl 5-aminolevulinate, protoporphyrin IX preferentially accumulates in the lesion area of various skin diseases, which allows not only PDT treatment but also fluorescence diagnosis with ALA-induced porphyrins. Susceptible lesions include various forms of non-melanoma skin cancer such as actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The most recent and promising developments in PDT include the discovery of new photosensitizers, the exploitation of new drug delivery systems and the combination of other modalities, which will all contribute to increasing PDT therapeutic efficacy and improving outcome. This article summarizes the main principles of PDT and its current clinical use in the management of non-melanoma skin cancers, as well as recent developments and possible future research directions.Keywords 5-aminolevulinic acid; ALA; MAL; methyl 5-aminolevulinate; PDT; photodynamic therapy; photosensitizers; skin cancer; topical PDT Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, accounting for nearly half of all cancers in the USA [1]. The most common types of skin cancer are non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs): basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which forms in the basal cells, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which forms in the squamous cells. BCCs are rarely fatal, but can be † Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 773 795 4696, Fax: +1 773 702 8398, yyhe@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu. Financial & competing interests disclosureWork in the authors' laboratories was supported by the American Skin Association, the University of Chicago Cancer Research Center (P30 CA014599), and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptExpert Rev Anticancer Ther. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 September 1. Genetic factors and environmental exposure to UV radiation in sunlight or tanning beds are strong risk factors for the genesis of skin cancer. Traditional skin c...

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Pdt For Cutaneous Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Zhao¹,

He²

2010

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several of the reported cases of SCC of the nipple in the literature occurred post radiation therapy for breast cancer [4], [5]. This makes sense as radiation is in general a risk factor for SCC of any type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current literature exhibited a wide range of approaches in treatment but as in cutaneous SCC, a wide local excision has been the primary choice but mastectomy and photodynamic therapy was also reported [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Of the cases only two reported local reoccurrence, one of the cases was treated via an incomplete local resection that was corrected with repeat resection and the other case was initially treated with a photosensitizer and retreated with cryotherapy [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Of the cases with no reported reoccurrence, patients were SCC free for six months up to five years as reported in one of the cases with mastectomy [5], [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the cases only two reported local reoccurrence, one of the cases was treated via an incomplete local resection that was corrected with repeat resection and the other case was initially treated with a photosensitizer and retreated with cryotherapy [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Of the cases with no reported reoccurrence, patients were SCC free for six months up to five years as reported in one of the cases with mastectomy [5], [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCC specifically is the second most prevalent of the two [2]. However it is rarely seen on the nipple as can be seen in the limited number of case reports seen in literature which at last count was ten cases [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Paget’s disease of the breast (PDB) on the other hand while rare itself is the most common malignancy of the nipple areola complex [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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